THE INDEPENDENCE REVOLUTIONS
The rebellion against Spanish rule. The proclamation of the Sovereign Boards. The first, Quito, suppressed by Spain. This became a continental war.
Causes
Social
Ideological
Economic
Napoleon
The Bourbon reforms prevented intraregional trade.
On 1808 Napoleon imprisoned Charles IV and his son, forced to abdicate in his favor. Then Bonaparte, King of Spain.
The leadership disputes extend to all areas.
The precursors proposed the alternative of the homeland as a separate entity from Spain.
The lack a king,
American boards
Napoleon appointed Bonaparte king, he was unknown to the people, and he was expelled for it.
Emergence of the government boards in America, invasion of Spain by Bonaparte.
This extended to America, leading to independence processes.
Wars of Independence
The Spaniards repressed Quito by the Sovereign Junta. The viceroys of Lima and Bogotá sent troops to besiege Quito. After the defeat, Lima and Bogotá occupied the city.
The military reaction was immediate. They were not successful, they were not trained. The Creole reaction was organized, it became a war that lasted for years.
Independence
Central América
Independence of
Cuba
Mexican
Independence
The Case of Puerto
Rico
Haiti and Santo Domingo
When Francois died, Dessalines took his place, defeating the French in Vertieres, proclaiming the Independence of Haiti, in 1804.
This began with the Grito de Dolores, by Miguel Hidalgo, and ended with the signing of the Treaties of Cordoba, a document, which recognized Mexico as independent.
Guatemala, declared independence (1821), annexed Mexico and defended itself from Spain. Formed a federal state, conducted a civil war (1840), could not prevail. Panama became independent with Colombia.
Martí organizes the Revolutionary Party and builds an army, dies in battle (1895). In 1898, Maine declares war, Cuba proclaims its independence in 1899.
In 1868, Lares cried out for independence. The rebellion is crushed. Puerto Rico continues within the Spanish system, defeated by Spain, it becomes administered by the U.S. It is not independent.