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Olea europaea: An Ethnobotanical Survey of the humble Olive Tree,…

- - - - burns when wet
        
        https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1631069109001899?token=7B12DC22E36B8BE351C6204CFD7D60E3F10489E6F98236D952B047EFA03FA475275723CF3199A5750E5685559DD8BEAD
      - Cite for intro
    - - oil
        
        https://www.internationaloliveoil.org/what-we-do/economic-affairs-promotion-unit/#figures
        
        cooking, eatin, lighting
        
        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299470438_Olea_europaea_in_Europe_distribution_habitat_usage_and_threats
      - olives
        
        https://www.internationaloliveoil.org/what-we-do/economic-affairs-promotion-unit/#figures
      - use 2018/2019 global figures
        
        olives
        
        2,897,500 tonnes
        
        oil
        
        3,262,000 tonnes
      - health
        
        Polyphenols benefits of olive leaf (Olea europaea L) to human health
        
        Oleuropein, a Bioactive Compound from Olea europaea L., as a Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Agent in Non-Communicable Diseases
        
        olive components
        
        human health
        
        Health Effects of Phenolic Compounds Found in Extra-Virgin Olive Oil, By-Products, and Leaf of Olea europaea L.
        
        types of healthy compounds
        
        hydroxytyrosol
        
        oleocanthal
        
        oleuropein
        
        lignins
    - - http://0-eds.b.ebscohost.com.library.ecok.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=3d9efc6f-9d66-4047-8037-ffd8769cfa10%40pdc-v-sessmgr05&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#AN=139077809&db=8gh
        
        A New Study on Characterization and Properties of Natural Fibers Obtained from Olive Tree (Olea europaea L.) Residues.
      - fibers from
        
        small branch
        
        big branch
        
        olive leaf
        
        potential uses
        
        industrial materials
        
        reinforce materials
        
        chemically examined
      - Characterization, mechanical, and antibacterial properties of nanofibers derived
        from olive leaf, fumitory, and terebinth extracts
        
        http://0-eds.b.ebscohost.com.library.ecok.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=12&sid=ee17f6af-0b02-4671-ac9b-c3f532c5fead%40pdc-v-sessmgr06
        
        nanofibers
        
        from olive leaf
        
        used against
        
        E. coli
        
        B. subtilis
        
        P. aeruginosa
        
        potentially useful in
        
        bandages / wound dressing
        
        antibacterial
      - use to discuss what fibers are
    - - chewed
        
        chewing stick for oral hygiene
        
        pakistan
        
        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11474847_The_antimicrobial_effects_of_seven_different_types_of_Asian_chewing_sticks
        
        health benefits from eating
        
        more uses in chewing
      - smoke
        
        hangover
        
        https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S025462990900355X#bib41
        
        more?
        
        used to smoke meats
    - - against
        
        Streptococcus agalactiae
        
        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330747309_The_activity_of_commercial_antimicrobials_and_essential_oils_and_ethanolic_extracts_of_Olea_europaea_on_Streptococcus_agalactiae_isolated_from_pregnant_women
      - antimicrobial
        
        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270015977_Evaluation_of_antibacterial_and_antifungal_activities_of_olive_Olea_europaea_essential_oil
      - complete essential oil list
        
        Cold-Pressing Olive Oil in the Presence of Cryomacerated Leaves of Olea or Citrus: Nutraceutical and Sensorial Features
        
        https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6680596/
      - Tunisian use
        
        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266286911_Pharmacological_activities_and_chemical_composition_of_the_Olea_europaea_L_leaf_essential_oils_from_Tunisia
        
        against
        
        gingivitis
        
        cough
        
        etc.
      - commerical "essential oils"
    - - natural insecticide
        
        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320226259_Effects_of_Olive_Olea_europaea_L_Leaf_Metabolites_on_the_Tilapia_Oreochromis_niloticus_and_Three_Stored_Pests_Sitophilus_granarius_Tribolium_confusum_and_Acanthoscelides_obtectus
        
        title
        
        Effects of Olea europaea L. Leaf Metabolites on the Tilapia
        
        (Oreochromis niloticus) and Three Stored Pests, Sitophilus
        
        granarius, Tribolium confusum and Acanthoscelides obtectus
        
        wild olives
        
        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330117418_Bio-insecticidal_effects_of_Oleaster_leaves_aqueous_extracts_against_Psylla_larvae_Euphyllura_olivina_Costa_a_primary_pest_of_Olea_europaea_L
        
        io-insecticidal effects of Oleaster leaves aqueous extracts against Psylla larvae (Euphyllura olivina (Costa)), a primary pest of Olea europaea L
        
        Insecticidal effects of the Olea europaea subsp. laperrinei extracts on the flour Pyralid Ephestia kuehniella
        
        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327366534_Insecticidal_effects_of_the_Olea_europaea_subsp_laperrinei_extracts_on_the_flour_Pyralid_Ephestia_kuehniella
        
        conclusion mentions
        
        leaf powder
        
        cowpea weevil
        
        1 more item...
        
        acetone extract of leaf powder
        
        Myzus percicae
        
        Phthorimaea operculella
        
        olive leaf meal
        
        desret locust
        
        1 more item...
      - herbicide
        
        olive processing waste
        
        Olive Processing Waste as a Method of Weed Control for Okra, Faba Bean, and Onion
        
        https://0-www-jstor-org.library.ecok.edu/stable/40587133?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
        
        faba bean
        
        Vicia faba
        
        okra
        
        Abelmoschus esculentus
        
        onion
        
        Allium cepa
        
        maslinic acid
        
        Design and semisynthesis of new herbicide as 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of the natural maslinic acid
        
        https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0039128X18301272
        
        synthetic pesticides
        
        can remain in olive products
        
        Pesticide residues in olive oil
        
        https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7886254/
        
        limited defence against Cyperus rotundus weed
        
        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326471470_Reducing_environmental_pollution_by_chemical_herbicides_using_natural_plant_derivatives_-_allelopathy_effect
        
        Reducing environmental pollution by chemical herbicides using natural plant derivatives – allelopathy effect
    - - natural dyes
        
        https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12221-017-6675-0
        
        http://0-eds.b.ebscohost.com.library.ecok.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=2&sid=a4ae4aa9-dc95-4ecf-aec3-775179f9568e%40pdc-v-sessmgr01&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#AN=96028379&db=a9h
        
        Development and optimisation of a non conventional extraction process of natural dye from olive solid waste using response surface methodology (RSM).?????
        
        economic benefit and quality
        
        Extraction Dyes From Two Natural Plants Olive Leaves and Beta vulgaris And The Uses In dyeing Textile.
        
        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336808561_Extraction_Dyes_From_Two_Natural_Plants_Olive_Leaves_and_Beta_vulgaris_And_The_Uses_In_dyeing_Textile
      - reabsorb industrial dyes from wastewater
        
        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320036059_An_Alternative_Use_of_Olive_Pomace_as_a_Wide-Ranging_Bioremediation_Strategy_to_Adsorb_and_Recover_Disperse_Orange_and_Disperse_Red_Industrial_Dyes_from_Wastewater
    - - Medicine Figure
      - list uses
        
        see medicinal branch trees
      - write "see Medicinal section for more detial"
      - used extensively in medicinal production
    - - olive crown at olympics
        
        https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article/55/403/1601/531457
      - inspiration for paintings, poems, home decor,
        
        http://s3.amazonaws.com/publicationslist.org/data/sophia.rhizopoulou/ref-8/olea%20europaea.pdf
        
        Olea europaea L. A Botanical Contribution to Culture
      - peace symbol
        
        Olea europaea L. A Botanical Contribution to Culture #
        
        flags
        
        Cyprus
        
        Eretria
        
        US Seal
        
        Oklahoma
        
        include pictures?
        
        israel and greece seal
      - symbol in jewelry
        
        on moon
        
        https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/apollo-11-carried-a-message-of-peace-to-the-moon-but-neil-and-buzz-almost-forgot-to-leave-it-behind
      - poems
        
        http://s3.amazonaws.com/publicationslist.org/data/sophia.rhizopoulou/ref-8/olea%20europaea.pdf
      - suppliants carried
        
        olive branch wrapped in wool
        
        became peace symbol
        
        hiketēria
        
        ἱκετηρία
        
        used to proclaim need
        
        A Brief History of Ancient Greece
        
        Pomeroy et al
        
        pg. 138
      - olive oil
        
        put on for exercise
        
        for the wealthy
        
        sunscreen
        
        prevent injury
        
        https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3298328/#:~:text=The%20ancient%20Greeks%20had%20early,)%20on%20them%20%5B2%5D.
    - - no known uses?
        
        olive leaves
        
        beer source
        
        bitter taste
        
        olive oil
        
        used for taste
    - - direct quote - inlays, furniture, handcraft
        
        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299470438_Olea_europaea_in_Europe_distribution_habitat_usage_and_threats
      - early literature
        
        Odyssey page 461
        
        bed
      - I Kings 6:23
        
        Hebrew Temple
      - insultation panels
        
        olive pruning residues
        
        http://0-eds.b.ebscohost.com.library.ecok.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=ee17f6af-0b02-4671-ac9b-c3f532c5fead%40pdc-v-sessmgr06&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#AN=142044843&db=a9h
        
        Characterization of biomass-based materials for building applications: The case of straw and olive tree waste.
    - - no direct involvement in clothes making?
        
        antibacterial finishing of cotton textiles
        
        http://0-eds.b.ebscohost.com.library.ecok.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=10&sid=ee17f6af-0b02-4671-ac9b-c3f532c5fead%40pdc-v-sessmgr06&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#AN=145212438&db=a9h
        
        Antibacterial finishing of cotton fabrics by dyeing with olive tree leaves fallen during olive harvesting.
        
        textile industry waste
        
        see "dyes" soures
        
        natural dye
        
        reuse wastewater to water olives
        
        https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2014/973638/
        
        The use of TWW for irrigation can either allow to reuse waters not drinkable or to save nutrients inputs in the olive orchard (less fertilizers). In the on-year, TWW irrigated trees presented a higher concentration of nutrients and this could be important for the successive vegetative season (off-year). In conclusion, our results can give useful indications for a more rational nutrition schedule of olive trees saving both mineral and water inputs towards a more sustainable management of the olive orchard.
        
        quote from this
        
        http://0-eds.b.ebscohost.com.library.ecok.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=11&sid=ee17f6af-0b02-4671-ac9b-c3f532c5fead%40pdc-v-sessmgr06&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#AN=36769700&db=eih
        
        quote from this
        
        In view of these findings, the negligible accumulation of minerals in leaves and roots indicated that this kind of textile effluent can be used as a valid alternative for irrigation of olive orchards with continuous monitoring of mineral levels.
        
        Mineral content of three olive cultivars irrigated with treated industrial wastewater
    - - biodiesel from olive oil
        
        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251155721_Biodiesel_from_Waste_Olive_Oil_Transesterification_Kinetics_Exhaust_Emissions_and_Fuel_Consumption
      - ethanol from olive tree pruning (OTP) biomass
        
        http://0-eds.b.ebscohost.com.library.ecok.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=6&sid=985fdcab-9d90-4c94-9686-b7c552f4bcdb%40sessionmgr103&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#AN=133721477&db=a9h
        
        Fermentation strategies for the efficient use of olive tree pruning biomass from a flexible biorefinery approach.
        
        Designing an olive tree pruning biorefinery for the production of bioethanol, xylitol and antioxidants: a techno-economic assessment.
        
        Techno-economic feasibility of bioethanol production via biorefinery of olive tree prunings (OTP): optimization of the pretreatment stage
        
        source titles
      - oil burn in lamps
        
        https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1631069109001899?token=7B12DC22E36B8BE351C6204CFD7D60E3F10489E6F98236D952B047EFA03FA475275723CF3199A5750E5685559DD8BEAD
    - - feed animals
        
        https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1631069109001899?token=7B12DC22E36B8BE351C6204CFD7D60E3F10489E6F98236D952B047EFA03FA475275723CF3199A5750E5685559DD8BEAD
      - See "firewood"
      - see "contruction"
      - source of [see wood section in "cures" source]
      - used in woodcraft, bowls, spoons, utensils, smooking foods
      - anti-agglutination
        
        https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19195914/
      - antioxidant
        
        https://0-pubs-acs-org.library.ecok.edu/doi/full/10.1021/jf403998t
    - - beer
        
        http://0-web.b.ebscohost.com.library.ecok.edu/ehost/viewarticle/render?data=dGJyMPPp44rp2%2fdV0%2bnjisfk5Ie46bZMsK6wTLCk63nn5Kx95uXxjL6nrUmxpbBIsKeeTLinsFKxrZ5oy5zyit%2fk8Xnh6ueH7N%2fiVbCmtEy1q65Ls5zxgeKztn21qbJIttyrSreor0Wyr7J5q9e1ebSjr07gqONQttvhea6uvoji2auOq%2bnji%2fHj5YquqKSE3%2bTlVePkpHzgs99R5pzyeeWzv2ak1%2bxVr6qzSLOotFGynOSH8OPfjLvc84Tq6uOQ8gAA&vid=3&sid=8e73408f-2921-494a-a7a6-16b2e88eca08@pdc-v-sessmgr02
        
        Use of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves as beer ingredient, and their influence on beer chemical composition and antioxidant activity.
        
        and African medicine source
      - juice
        
        http://0-web.b.ebscohost.com.library.ecok.edu/ehost/viewarticle/render?data=dGJyMPPp44rp2%2fdV0%2bnjisfk5Ie46bZMsK6wTLCk63nn5Kx95uXxjL6nrUmxpbBIsKeeTLinsFKxrZ5oy5zyit%2fk8Xnh6ueH7N%2fiVbCmtEy1q65Ls5zxgeKztn21qbJIttyrSreor0Wyr7J5q9e1ebSjr07gqONQttvhea6uvoji2auOq%2bnji%2fHj5YquqKSE3%2bTlVePkpHzgs99R5pzyeeWzv2ak1%2bxVr6qwTLemsU%2bvnOSH8OPfjLvc84Tq6uOQ8gAA&vid=5&sid=8e73408f-2921-494a-a7a6-16b2e88eca08@pdc-v-sessmgr02
        
        Development and Quality Evaluation of Ready to Serve Olive and Mandarin Blended Diet Drink.
      - fortify many drinks
      - tea and cold water infusion
        
        https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S025462990900355X#bib41
      - olive oil
        
        drank by itself
  - - - infusion
      - extract
      - decoction
      - see "cures" source below
      - boiled extract
      - tincture
      - mixture
    - - depends on use
      - see below
        
        active chem listed per treatment
      - see source for extensive list
    - - Make in EXCEL???
      - parts
        
        are
        
        wood
        
        roots
        
        fruit
        
        olive oil
        
        table olives
        
        leaves
    - - europe, Americas, Middle east
        
        cultivated
        
        especially
        
        Mediterranean basin
      - Southern Africa, Asia
        
        mostly wild
    - - https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6a55/af8feb5ff03238c731efbe4f02c65acb35a3.pdf?_ga=2.128720905.464367529.1611020142-1569701778.1610579087
        
        cures
        
        hypoglycemic/hypotensive
        
        antidiabetic
        
        active chemicals
        
        ethanolic extract-leaves
        
        oleuropein
        
        oleanolic acid
        
        oleanolic acid demethyl
        
        leaf extract
        
        oleuropein and hydroxytryosol
        
        gallstones
        
        laxative
        
        diarrhea/respiratory and urinary tract infections
        
        hair loss
        
        asthma
        
        hypertension
        
        active chems
        
        uvaol, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid
        
        leaf extract
        
        oleanolic acid and ursolic acid
        
        leaf extract (EFLA 943)
        
        diuretic
        
        heal fractures
        
        antioxidant
        
        many
        
        more cures
        
        antipyretic
        
        skin cleanser
        
        anti-inflammatory
        
        active chems
        
        olive oil
        
        oleanolic acid
        
        fruit/leaf extract
        
        oleocanthal
        
        extra virgin olive oil
        
        tonic
        
        gout
        
        antibacterial
        
        active chemicals
        
        volatile fraction of leaf
        
        acetone leaf extract
        
        volatiles of olive fruits
        
        table olive aqueous solution
        
        hemorrhoids
        
        anticancer
        
        ACTIVE CHEMICALS
        
        aqueous extract
        
        erythrodiol, uvaol,
        
        erythrodiol
        
        methanolic extract
        
        virgin olive oil phenolics
        
        oleanolic acid
        
        oleuropein
        
        hydroxytryosol and laurate
        
        maslinic acid
        
        leaf extract
        
        https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6770785/
        
        antiparasitic
        
        maslinic acid
        
        toxoplamsa gondii
      - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S025462990900355X#bib41
        
        african cures
        
        wound styptic
        
        stop nosebleeds
        
        headaches
        
        anti-colic
        
        eye lotion
        
        diptheria
        
        sore throat
        
        1 more item...
        
        treat eye injury
        
        protect against lightning
        
        heaches
        
        red eyes and discharge
        
        lung and kidney ailments
        
        colds and enlarged tonsils
        
        sore throat, bad back
        
        more
        
        cures
        
        urinary/bladder infection
        
        soften corns
        
        hangover
        
        headache/influenza/fever/rhematism
        
        cough syrup
      - more
        
        http://0-eds.b.ebscohost.com.library.ecok.edu/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=12&sid=ee17f6af-0b02-4671-ac9b-c3f532c5fead%40pdc-v-sessmgr06
        
        Characterization, mechanical, and antibacterial properties of nanofibers derived
        from olive leaf, fumitory, and terebinth extracts
        
        from nanofibers
      - anti-Parkinson's
        
        http://0-eds.b.ebscohost.com.library.ecok.edu/eds/detail/detail?vid=7&sid=3d9efc6f-9d66-4047-8037-ffd8769cfa10%40pdc-v-sessmgr05&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#AN=135385600&db=a9h
        
        Oleuropein derivatives from olive fruit extracts reduce α-synuclein fibrillation and oligomer toxicity.
    - - Wherever olives grow
      - specific places for Africa source
      - see distribution map - common
        
        common
        
        approximately 900 million olive trees cover more than 10 million hectares worldwide
        
        old link
        
        A New Study on Characterization and Properties of Natural Fibers Obtained from Olive Tree (Olea europaea L.) Residues.
        
        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334548520_A_New_Study_on_Characterization_and_Properties_of_Natural_Fibers_Obtained_from_Olive_Tree_Olea_europaea_L_Residues
    - - for olives
        
        Oct
        
        Nov
        
        Sept
        
        after olives ripe
        
        http://0-resolver.ebscohost.com.library.ecok.edu/openurl?sid=EBSCO%3aedsjsr&genre=article&issn=03946169&ISBN=&volume=16&issue=3%2f4&date=20020101&spage=155&pages=&title=Advances+in+Horticultural+Science&atitle=Phenology+modelling+and+forecasting+in+olive+(Olea+europaea+L.)+using+artificial+neural+networks&aulast=Mancuso+S.&id=DOI%3a&site=ftf-live
        
        Phenology modelling and forecasting in olive (Olea europaea L.) using artificial neural networks
      - root and bark
        
        anytime
      - leaves
        
        any time
        
        evergreen
    - - see "cures" source below
      - MANY
        
        include in figure
        
        detail a couple from each category of treatment
    - - make in EXCEL
    - - best in sun
      - dry soil
      - not cold-resistant
      - principal latitudes
        
        30-45 South
        
        30-45 North
  - - - olive harvest
        
        Greece
        
        Corfu
        
        men place harvest sheets
        
        Zakynthos
        
        Vassilikos
        
        women place harvest sheets
        
        but
        
        1 more item...
        
        when men labor migrate
        
        women step in, testimonials
        
        1 more item...
        
        men must be olive hitters
        
        women clean, sheets, remove debris
        
        but
        
        1 more item...
        
        "ideal team"
        
        4 men
        
        3 women
        
        women laborers paid less, pg.619
        
        gendered division of labor, page 616
        
        traditional
        
        women (animal care, small vegetation)
        
        men (large animals, cultivation)
        
        outliers
        
        eqalitarian
        
        Seremetakis
        
        1 more item...
        
        Pouri
      - age
        
        children in school
        
        some children help
      - https://www.jstor.org/stable/2661151?seq=1
      - BUT
        
        mechanization can change roles
        
        women can harvest
        
        no "hitters" needed
      - experience varies
    - - https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6a55/af8feb5ff03238c731efbe4f02c65acb35a3.pdf?_ga=2.128720905.464367529.1611020142-1569701778.1610579087
      - 80 names
        
        similar to "olive"
        
        spain
        
        olivera, olivo, oliondo, oastre, oliba
        
        lithuania
        
        alyvos
        
        portugal
        
        oliveira
        
        romania
        
        oliva
        
        greece
        
        elia
        
        estonia
        
        euroopa olipuu, olipuus
        
        sweden
        
        oliv, olivgront
        
        slovakia
        
        oliva europska
        
        czech republic
        
        oliva, olivove drevo
        
        latvia
        
        olivas
        
        germany
        
        olivenbaum, olbaum
        
        denmark
        
        oliven
        
        netherlands
        
        olijf
        
        finland
        
        oliivi, oljypuu
        
        iceland
        
        olifa
        
        england
        
        olewydden, olive
        
        hungary
        
        olajbogoyo, olajfa, oliva
        
        france
        
        oulivie, olive
        
        switzerland
        
        uliva
        
        different than "olive"
        
        spain
        
        aceituna
        
        portugal
        
        azeitona
        
        romania
        
        culoare masline, maslin, masliniu
        
        albania
        
        dege e ullirit, ngjyre ulliri, ulli
        
        israel
        
        eylbert, masline, zayit
        
        india
        
        jaitun, julipe, saidun
        
        armenia
        
        jitabdoogh, jiteni
        
        south africa
        
        mohlware
        
        croatia
        
        maslinov
        
        bulgaria
        
        maslina
        
        arab world
        
        zaitoon
        
        pakistan
        
        zaitun
        
        tanzania
        
        zeituni
        
        georgia
        
        zetis
    - - Ancient Greece
        
        Athena vs. Posiedon
        
        Apollodorus - library of greek myth
        
        pgs.130 ang 238
        
        quote both
        
        Pandroseion
        
        building foundation still there
        
        next to Erechtheion
        
        The Sacred Olive Tree of the Acropolis. Digital image. (ITALICIZED) Earth Trekkers. 25 May 2020. https://www.earthtrekkers.com/how-to-visit-the-acropolis-parthenon-in-athens/
        
        Olive Tree being used for religious comemoration
        
        Athena gave to city as a gift
        
        divine origin
        
        Olympics
        
        https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article/55/403/1601/531457 #
        
        victor's crown
        
        Persian invasion survivor tree
        
        symbol of greek survival
        
        Herodotus Book 8 line 55 or 56
        
        History of the Persian war
        
        "[the Persians] plundered the sacred precinct and set fire to the entire acropolis...[i]t happened that the olive tree was burnt by [them] with the rest of the sacred precinct, but on the day after its burning, when the Athenians ordered by the king to sacrifice went up to the sacred precinct, they saw a shoot of about a cubit's length sprung from the stump..."
        
        Quote from this
        
        http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:tlg,0016,001:8
      - Christianity
        
        Jesus 2nd coming
        
        "grafting" example
      - Judaism #
        
        dove retrieves after flood
        
        Genesis 8: 8 and 11
        
        "Then he sent out the dove from him, to see if the waters had subsided from the face of the ground...and the dove came back to him in the evening, and there in its beak was a freshly plucked olive leaf; so Noah knew that the waters had subsided from the earth."
        
        New Revised Standard Version
        
        Hanukkah
        
        https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5069530
        
        https://reformjudaism.org/jewish-holidays/hanukkah/history-hanukkah-story
        
        Rabbi
        
        https://www.aish.com/h/c/b/Why-Do-We-Light-the-Menorah-with-Olive-Oil.html
        
        sacred olive oil of temple
      - Symbolism paragraph?????
    - - See "cures" source
      - analysis of plant compounds
        
        NUMEROUS
      - https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6a55/af8feb5ff03238c731efbe4f02c65acb35a3.pdf?_ga=2.128720905.464367529.1611020142-1569701778.1610579087
      - source lists
        
        constituents from
        
        fruit/seeds
        
        leaves
        
        bark
        
        olive oil
        
        wood
    - - olive processing impact
        
        https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7231206/
        
        various
      - olive harvest once a year
        
        no hurt tree
        
        turned into oil
      - table olives
        
        improve nutrietns
        
        starter cultures
        
        low salt brines
        
        hinder nutrients
        
        change taste
        
        depends on
        
        balance
        
        fatty acids
        
        monounsaturated
        
        polyunsaturated
        
        phenolic compounds
      - examples
        
        storage
        
        brine used
        
        processing
      - oil
        
        grades
        
        In the European Union
        
        8 kinds
        
        retail
        
        virgin
        
        2 more items...
        
        extra virgin
        
        4 more items...
        
        olive pomace
        
        refined and virgin mixture
        
        1 more item...
        
        non-retail
        
        refined pomace
        
        refined
        
        virgin lampante
        
        crude pomace
        
        The European Union, The European Commission. (2020, November 18). Olive Oil in the EU. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/food-farming-fisheries/plants-and-plant-products/plant-products/olive-oil_en
        
        dependent on
        
        harvest technique
        
        nutrient content
        
        sensory
        
        fruitiness
        
        physio-chemical
        
        fatty acid content
        
        peroxide index
        
        sterols composition
        
        acidity
        
        https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5877547/
        
        different standards per country
        
        A study of the differences between trade standards
        inside and outside Europe
        
        https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/156182/1/GrasasAceites_V63_e210.pdf
        
        broad category
        
        non-virgin
        
        refined and virgin mixture
        
        crude olive pomace
        
        refined
        
        refined olive pomace
        
        virgin
        
        lampante
        
        extra virgin
        
        virgin
    - - interesting ancient uses
        
        sunscreen
        
        contraceptive
        
        post exercise "icky stuff"
- - - - culture/religion
      - other uses
      - medicine
      - food
      - potential threats
        
        bacteria in South Italy
        
        could take away useful olive
        
        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299470438_Olea_europaea_in_Europe_distribution_habitat_usage_and_threats
  - - - 2000 cultivars in the Mediterranean
        
        https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631069109001899
    - - https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6a55/af8feb5ff03238c731efbe4f02c65acb35a3.pdf?_ga=2.128720905.464367529.1611020142-1569701778.1610579087
      - Oleiculture in progress
- - - - stages
        
        first flowering
        
        151
        
        May 31
        
        full bloom
        
        157
        
        June 6
        
        sepal and petal well developed
        
        146
        
        May 26
        
        petal fall
        
        159
        
        June 8
        
        flower swelling
        
        140
        
        May 20
        
        fruit setting
        
        164
        
        June 13
        
        inflorescence forming
        
        133
        
        May 13
        
        fruit increase 1
        
        171
        
        June 20
        
        floral buds elongation
        
        126
        
        May 6
        
        fruit increase 2
        
        181
        
        June 30
        
        pit hardening 1
        
        204
        
        July 23
        
        budbreak 2
        
        111
        
        April 21
        
        full pit hardening
        
        218
        
        August 6
        
        budbreak 1
        
        103
        
        April 13
        
        veraison
        
        257
        
        September 14
        
        info
        
        average day of year for studied cultivars
        
        date
        
        see below
        
        see below
    - - Phenology modelling and forecasting in olive (Olea europaea L.) using artificial neural networks
    - - in spain
        
        earlier
        
        foliation
        
        fruit ripening
        
        flowering
        
        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248350906_Phenological_trends_in_southern_Spain_A_response_to_climate_change
  - - - density only found for Mediterranean
        
        https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299470438_Olea_europaea_in_Europe_distribution_habitat_usage_and_threats
    - - no
      - Many places
        
        asia
        
        americas
        
        europe
    - - https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Current-distribution-of-Olea-europaea-sensu-lato-worldwide_fig1_317038448
      - in sensu lato
        
        in broad sense
    - - latitude and climate
        
        south
        
        30-45
        
        north
        
        30-45
    - - On the origins and domestication of the olive: a review and perspectives
      - subspecies distrib
        
        laperrinei
        
        sudan and algeria
        
        guanchica
        
        canary islands
        
        europaea
        
        Europe / Mediterranean basin
        
        marrocana
        
        morrocco
        
        cerasiformis
        
        Madeira
        
        cuspidata
        
        africa and asia
  - - - leaves
      - fruit
      - wood/bark
      - roots
  - - - https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6a55/af8feb5ff03238c731efbe4f02c65acb35a3.pdf?_ga=2.128720905.464367529.1611020142-1569701778.1610579087
    - - many
        
        see source for extensive list
    - - many compounds in
        
        leaves
        
        olive oil
        
        fruits and seeds
        
        wood
        
        bark
      - see source for extensive list
    - - see source for uses
  - - - olive oil menorah
        
        ungvar. (2019). Jewish traditional lights holiday symbol Judaism Hanukkah menorah with are burning oil candles. Shutterstock. https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/jewish-traditional-lights-holiday-symbol-judaism-1864346656.
    - - harvest
        
        The Trustees of the British Museum
        
        https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1837-0609-42
        
        amphora
        
        held olive oil
        
        The Trustees of the British Museum. (2021). Amphora showing olive harvest. Digital image. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1837-0609-42
        
        Arnon Dag
        
        https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-vine-harvester-used-for-olive-harvesting_fig5_263181126
        
        Dag, A. (2011). A vine harvester used for olive harvesting. Digital image. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-vine-harvester-used-for-olive-harvesting_fig5_263181126
      - olive used for artwork inspiration
    - - table
      - Vorselaars, M. (2021). Coffee table – olive wood. Seconda Vita - Upcycled by Mark Vorselaars. https://secondavitaupcycled.com/language/en/prodotto/coffee-table-olive-wood/.
    - - the tree itself
        
        Earth Trekkers. (2020). The sacred olive tree of the Acropolis. Digital image. https://www.earthtrekkers.com/how-to-visit-the-acropolis-parthenon-in-athens/ #
        
        use in Ancient Athens
        
        Religious
        
        dedication to Athena
        
        Cultural
        
        population remember
        
        Foundation myth
        
        Survival from Persian War
        
        important events in history
- - - - build off threats mentioned in intro
- - - - 2
      - 1
    - - Fibers 1
      - Firewood 1
      - Textiles 1
      - Textiles 2 - The Scientific World Journal (2014), S. Bedbabis -
      - Textiles 3
      - Wood 2
      - Wood 1
      - Wood 3
      - Fum/Mast 1 - Souht African Journal, E. Van Wyk
      - Fum/Mast 2 - Tropical Dental Journal, K. Almas
      - Ornaments
        
        3
        
        2
        
        4
        
        1
      - Essential Oils
        
        2
        
        3
        
        4
      - phenology -climate change
    - - Journal of Polymers and the Environment, M. Jawaid - Distribution
      - Cures
        
        2
        
        3
        
        4
        
        1
      - Harvest
- - - - [OLEA EUROPAEA - WEST]
  - - - email address
      - indication?
      - name
    - - Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences
      - Ada
      - East Central University
      - Oklahoma
    - - "Olea europaea: a survey of the humble olive tree"