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First settlers of America - Coggle Diagram
First settlers of America
To analyze the origin of the first settlers of America and its forms of survival, with based on the material evidence that has been discovered.
THE SETTLEMENT OF AMERICA
It might be surprising that
these hunters and collectors,
who had Clovis type tools,
could reach Patagonia -
located at 13,000 km south of
the US-Mexico border USA
and Canada- in less than 100
years. However, as the
biologist Jared Diamond has
calculated, this is equivalent
to an average advance of
only 13 km per year, a very
easy expansion for a huntergatherer, who could probably
cover this distance in a single
day in search of food
THE TIME OF ARRIVAL OF THE FIRST HUMAN BEINGS TO
AMERICA
For DNA data - the genetic human code - we know that the beginning of
settlement of America happened at least 20,000 years ago.
THE ROUTE THAT FOLLOWED THE FIRST SETTLERS
Most of paleontologists agree that the only route was the current Bering Strait,
but there are some few scientists, such as Donald Lathrap, who argues that
there was some migration of humans from Africa, who would have sailed
around 10,000 years ago through the Atlantic towards America South,
specifically towards the coastal region of the Amazon Jungle
MEGAFAUNA EXTINCTION
All the representatives of the megafauna, that is to say, giant animals, today they
are extinct. Their extermination, which ended 10,000 years ago. It was massive and
very fast, probably because of the hunting by humans. The discovery of numerous
mastodon skeletons and lazy giants with spearheads between his ribs suggest that
this is what happened.
There are those who say that large mammals of America became extinct due to
climate change at the end of the last glacial period, but some people wonder why
they survived 22 glacial periods before and in the 23 glacial period all at once died.
How did they cross if there was water?
As a result of the glaciations, the height of
the Bering Sea changed several times, sometimes leaving a dry land route
between Asia and America, and at other times flooding it. The remaining land
bridge was not narrow, it was a tundra (i.e., a frozen steppe) more than 1,500
km wide.
THE LIFE OF THE FIRST
SETTLERS
Both in the North and in the South of
America, the primitive settlers found
abundant and easy hunting. Once
the first settlers crossed the ice zone,
in several generations, and probably
following the coast from the Pacific,
they literally met with thousands of
thousands of animals in the great
plains from the south of the current
Canada and the center of EE. UU.
There were the ancient elephants,
which we know like mastodons, lions,
SOUTH AMERICAN
MEGAFAUNA
In South America there were two types
of camels (the ancestor of the llama,
known scientifically as Paleolama and a
bigger one, Macracheunia), different
types of giant terrestrial sloths, called
mylodonts and megatherium
mastodons, horses, giant armadillos
(glyptodonts) most of them, except the
lions, cougars and sabre- tooth tigers,
they were herbivores
CLOVIS TECHNOLOGY
The discovery of the Clovis culture in
New Mexico pushed the settlement of
North America back to what
archeologists believed were the first
people to cross a land bridge between
Siberia and Alaska at the end of the
last Ice Age. The culture is named for
artifacts found near Clovis, New
Mexico. What is known about the