Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Epithelium / Connective Tissue / Cartilage / Bone / Joint - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Stretching skin too far (Pregnancy) can lead to damaged collagen fibers causing stretch marks
  - - - Function:
      - Make up:
- - - - Then, many layers of fibrils form collagen
  - - - Dermis, tendons, ligaments, fibrocartilage, bone, joint capsules
        
        Function: Resisting tension & Stretching forces
    - - Hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, & fibrocartilage
        
        Function: Will resist compression forces
    - - Reticular fibers
        
        Organs, blood vessels, endoneurium of nerves
        
        Function: Wound closure
    - - Basement membrane of epithelial
        
        Axons
    - - Basal Lamina of smooth & skeletal muscle
        
        Schwann and glial cells
  - - - Primary cells of Connective tissue
    - - Produce cartilage
    - - Produce Bone
    - - Produce collagen in skeletal muscle
    - - Produce Collagen in smooth muscle (blood vessels)
- - - - Due to stress, damage, overload
  - - - Loading/planes/range of motion
  - - - Articular hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone becoming impacted over time from load/stress and is damaged
    - - A systematic inflammatory disease that attacks the synovial fluid around the joint. Progressing into malformation of joint structure
- - - - Ex. Auricle of ear, epiglottis, wall of external auditory canal
  - - - Ex. TMJ, sternoclavicular joint, intervertebral disc
  - - - Avascular
      - Aneural
    - - Overloading
      - Underloading
      - Disease (Osteoarthritis)
    - - Blood from subchondral bone forms fibrous scar
        
        Scar matures and forms fibrocartilage "scar tissue"
- - - - SImply Mature osteoblast
    - - "Immature Osteocytes"
        
        Secrete Collagen and osteoid
    - - Remove bone & Osteoid for growth and remodeling
    - - Develop into Osteoblast
        
        When Osteoblast become trapped within the calcified mix of bone, they become "Osteocytes"
  - - - Outer layer of bone, made of Dense Irregular CT
      - Causes bone width growth
    - - Lines internal of bone
        
        Has Haversian Canal
        
        Function: house nerver fibers and few capillaries
    - - "Dyaphysis"
        
        Has the "Primary Ossification Center"
    - - "Epiphyseal"
        
        Rounded end of a long bone
        
        Has the "Secondary Ossification Center"
    - - During growth only, is between the diaphysis & Epiphysis
        
        When growth is done, diaphysis & epiphysis fuse, forming the epiphysial line
  - - - Capillaries form granulated tissue
        
        Granulated tissue become dense CT
        
        Hyaline & fibrocartilage develop
        
        Begins remodeling phase
      - Microphages remove dead tissue
      - Osteoclast remove bone fragments
- - - - Synovial Joint, has synovial fluid
        
        Joint types:
        
        Plane / Arthrodial
        
        Intercarpal or AC Joint
        
        Hinge / ginglymus
        
        Interphalangeal or humerousulnar
        
        Pivot / trochoid
        
        Proximal Radioulnar
        
        Condyloid / ellipsoid
        
        Radiocarpal / MCP
        
        Saddle / Sellar
        
        Sternoclavicular
        
        Ball & Socket / enarthrodial
        
        Glenohumeral / acetabulofemoral
    - - Capsule
        
        Within joint capsule:
        
        Stratum Fibrosum: Rich in joint receptors, poorly vascularized
        
        Stratum Synovium: Highly vascularized, poorly innervated
      - Cavity
      - Synovial membrane
      - synovial fluid
      - hyaline cartilage
  - - - Syndesmosis Joint
        
        Joining of bones by ligamentous tissue
        
        Example: Interosseous membrane of radius/ulna
      - Suture Joint
        
        Found in cranial bones
    - - Synchondrosis Joint
        
        Cartilaginous joint, with HYALINE CARTILAGE at the epihysis (end) of long bones
        
        Example: Costal cartilage of ribs to sternum
      - Symphysis Joint
        
        2 bones joined by disc or fibrocartilage. Allows some movement
        
        Example: Pubic symphysis, Intervertebral Disc
- - - - 4 to 5 layers of stratified squamous eipthelum
      - Avascular
      - Stratum Basale "deepest layer of epidermis"
        
        Contains:
        
        Keratinocytes
        
        Melanocytes
        
        Merkel cells
    - - 2 layers under Epidermis:
        
        Reticular Layer
        
        Dense Fibrous CT
        
        Papillary Layer
        
        Loose CT
      - Contains blood vessels, NERVE ENDINGS, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, sensory receptors
    - - Contains loosely arranged collagen & elastic fibers
      - Fat cells, nerves, large blood vessels
    - - 1st degree
        
        Localized, Painful. Like a bad sunburn
      - 2nd Degree
        
        Superficial dermal: Epidermis & Upper dermis
        
        Blister formation, Very Painful
      - 3rd degree
        
        Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer
        
        Prone to infection, Painless
      - 4th degree
        
        Epidermis, dermis, subcut, muscle/bone
        
        Black, Loss of fluid, Prone to infection
    - - Stage 1
        
        Partial Epidermis, Slight edema, Painful
      - Stage 2
        
        Partial Epidermis & Dermis
        
        Shallow ulcer, Painful
      - Stage 3
        
        Full Thickness Depth, Muscle exposed
        
        Deep draining ulcer, foul oder, painless
      - Stage 4
        
        Full thickness, includes muscle
        
        Bone Exposed, large wound, drainage, painless