Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Biology, Proteins, Enzymes, Vitamins, DNA, RNA, ATP, download (1),…
-
Proteins
-
Dipeptides and Polypeptides are made of amino and carboxyl group. These groups are bonded together in a reaction called dehydration reaction with peptide bonds.
-
Hormones are also made of proteins. For example, insulin and glucagon are examples of hormones.
Enzymes
Activation energy is the minimum energy to start a chemical reaction. Enzymes help decrease the activation energy of a reaction.
-
Each enzyme has a particular part called the substrate. An enzyme can only catalyze 1 type of substrate. This means, every enzyme is specific to it's substrate.
Denaturation happens when the protein in the enzyme is heated up too much, or when the pH is too high or too low, the protein loses its shape which causes the enzyme to die.
-
Vitamins
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is found in eggs, liver, vegetables, and cheese. Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness, not proper bone and cell development and leads less growth in children.
Vitamin B are a group of water-soluble molecules that play a very important role in cell metabolism. Vitamin B is found in fish, poultry, meat, eggs and dairy products. Vitamin B deficiencies are beri, pellagra and anemia.
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that is necessary for growth and development. Vitamin C is found in all fruits and vegetables, but citrus fruits have the most Vitamin C in them. Vitamin C deficiency causes the immune system to decrease.
Fat-soluble vitamin that is usually found in natural fatty foods. For example, Vitamin D is found in fatty fish such as salmon, tuna and mackerel. But most importantly, the sun helps humans produce Vitamin D in their own body.
DNA, RNA, ATP
RNA molecule is a single stranded molecule which is responsible for the protein synthesis in the body. All RNA molecules are synthesized according to the genetic code of the DNA. There ate three types of RNA in the body. These are called:
-
Ribosomal RNA: It involves the structure of the ribosome. Ribosomal RNA contains 80% of all RNA in the body.
Messenger RNA: It is synthesized based on a DNA template. It carries the genetic info coming from DNA to ribosomes.
The monomer of DNA and RNA is the nucleotide. The nucleotide contains nitrogenous base, 5 carbon sugar, and phosphate. The phosphate and the sugar are connected with a bond called ester bond, whereas nitrogenious bases are linked with weak hydrogen bonds
The function of DNA is to store the genetic materials of the cell, storage of the information of protein synthesis, and the inheritance of genetic information to offspring. The shape of a DNA structure is like a double helix. !
Adenosine Triphosphate(ATP) is a molecule that holds the energy for cellular activities. ATP consists 3 parts: Adenine base, ribose sugars and three phosphate groups.
-
-
-
-
