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GRAMMAR TENSES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Are you listening?
        
        Are they coming to your party?
        
        When is she going home?
        
        What am I doing here?
  - - - I'm not doing that.
        
        You aren't listening. (or You're not listening.)
        
        They aren't coming to the party. (or They're not coming to the party.)
        
        She isn't going home until Monday. (or She's not going home until Monday.)
  - - - verbs of thinking and feeling.
        
        believe
        
        dislike
        
        know
        
        like
      - others:
        
        agree
        be
      - verbs of the senses:
        
        appear
        feel
    - - We normally use the simple instead:
      - I understand you. (NOT I am understanding you.)
      - This cake tastes wonderful. (NOT This cake is tasting wonderful.)
- - - - We use the present perfect
      - for something that started in the past and continues in the present:
        
        They've been married for nearly fifty years.
        
        She has lived in Liverpool all her life.
        
        when we are talking about our experience up to the present:
        
        I've seen that film before.
        
        I've played the guitar ever since I was a teenager.
        
        He has written three books and he is working on another one.
      - We often use the adverb ever to talk about experience up to the present:
        My last birthday was the worst day I have ever had.
      - and we use never for the negative form:
        
        Have you ever met George?
        
        Yes, but I've never met his wife.
  - - - We use have/has been when someone has gone to a place and returned:
      - A: Where have you been?
      - B: I've just been out to the supermarket.
  - - - After a clause with the present perfect we often use a clause with since to show when something started in the past:
      - I've worked here since I left school.
      - I've been watching that programme every week since it started.
  - - - We normally use the present perfect continuous to emphasise that something is still continuing in the present:
        
        She has been living in Liverpool all her life.
        
        It's been raining for hours.
        
        I'm tired out. I've been working all day.
        
        They have been staying with us since last week
  - - - We normally use the present simple to talk about the future in clauses with before, after, until, etc.:
      - I'll keep looking until I find my book.
      - We'll begin when everyone arrive
- - - - We can use present forms to talk about the past:
      - when we are telling a story:
      - Well, it's a lovely day and I'm just walking down the street when I see this funny guy walking towards me. Obviously he's been drinking, because he's moving from side to side …
    - - when we are summarising something we have read, heard or seen:
      - I love Ian Rankin's novels. He writes about this detective called Rebus. Rebus lives in Edinburgh and he's a brilliant detective, but he's always getting into trouble. In one book, he gets suspended and they tell him to stop working on this case. But he takes no notice …
- - - - We use the present perfect:
        
        for something that started in the past and continues in the present:
        
        They've been married for nearly fifty years.
        
        She has lived in Liverpool all her life.
      - when we are talking about our experience up to the present:
        
        I've seen that film before.
        
        I've played the guitar ever since I was a teenager.
        
        He has written three books and he is working on another one.
      - We often use the adverb ever to talk about experience up to the present:
        My last birthday was the worst day I have ever had.
    - - We use have/has been when someone has gone to a place and returned:
      - But when someone has not returned, we use have/has gone:
    - - We often use the present perfect with adverbials which refer to the recent past:
        recently just only just
    - - The present perfect continuous is formed with have/has been and the -ing form of the verb.
        
        We normally use the present perfect continuous to emphasise that something is still continuing in the present:
        
        She has been living in Liverpool all her life.
        
        It's been raining for hours.
        
        I'm tired out. I've been working all day.
        
        They have been staying with us since last week.
    - - We normally use the present simple to talk about the future in clauses with before, after, until, etc.:
        
        I'll keep looking until I find my book.
        
        We'll begin when everyone arrives.
        
        but we can also use the present perfect:
        
        I'll keep looking until I have found my book.
        
        We'll begin when everyone has arrived.