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ACTIVITY ONE, Leadership is a critical issue for many , even the largest…

- - - - Managers are required to interact with a substantial number of people.
        
        They host receptions,meet with business prospects and partners; conduct hiring and performance interviews; and form alliances, friendships, and personal relationships with many others.
    - - Managers are required to gather, collate, analyze, store, and disseminate many kinds of information.
    - - Managers are charged with the responsibility of making decisions on behalf of both the organization and the stakeholders with an interest in it.
  - - - Managers must increasingly be aware of threats and
        opportunities in their environment.
        
        Managers must be more sophisticated as strategists and mentors. A manager’s job involves much more than simple caretaking in a division of a large organization.
    - - Long-range planning. Managers occupying executive positions are frequently involved in strategic planning and development.
      - Controlling. Managers evaluate and take corrective action concerning the allocation and use of human, financial, and material resources.
      - Environmental scanning. Managers must continually watch for changes in the business
      - Supervision. Managers continually oversee the work of their subordinates.
      - Coordinating. Managers often must coordinate the work of others both inside the work unit and out.
    - - Although each manager may have a diverse set of responsibilities, including those mentioned above, the amount of time spent on each activity and the importance of that activity will vary considerably.
  - - - These verbal conversations are the means by which managers gather information, stay on top of things, identify problems, negotiate shared meanings, develop plans, put things in motion, give orders, assert authority, develop relationships, and spread gossip.
    - - His study revealed that managers
        rarely make “big decisions” during these conversations and rarely give orders in a traditional sense.
      - Kotter also found that the breadth of topics in their discussions with others was extremely wide, with
        unimportant issues taking time alongside important business matters.
      - He found that managers will spend most of their time with others in short, disjointed
        conversations.
    - - Mention that“Unlike other workers, the manager does not leave the telephone or the meeting to get back to work"
- - - - • It influences the opinions, attitude, motivation, and behaviors of others.
      - • It expresses our feelings, emotions, and intentions to others.
      - • It is the vehicle for providing, receiving, and exchanging information regarding events or issues that concern us.
    - - Encoding
        
        Is the process by which individuals initiating the communication translate their ideas into a systematic set of symbols (language), either written or spoken.
      - Decoding
        
        Is the process by which the recipient of the message interprets it.
      - Feedback
        
        Several types of feedback can occur after a message is sent from the communicator to the receiver.
      - Noise
        
        However a variety of ways that the intended message can get distorted.
  - - - This consists of all messages or exchanges of information that are spoken
        and it’s the most prevalent type of communication.
    - - This includes e-mail, texts, letters, reports, manuals, and annotations on sticky notes
    - - There is also the transformation of information without speaking or writing.
    - - The extent to which an employee accurately receives job instructions from a manager may be influences by her perception of the manager, especially if the job instructions conflict with her interest in the job or if they are controversial.
  - - - 2. Informational Roles:
        
        Managers are required to gather, collate, analyze, store, and disseminate many kinds of information.
        
        In doing so, they become information resource centers.
        
        As monitors, managers are constantly scanning the environment for information.
        
        In the disseminator role, managers pass privileged information directly to subordinates.
        
        Managers must decide:
        
        how much of it
        
        how often
        
        who should receive such information
        
        in what form
        
        In the spokesperson role, managers send information to people outside of their organizations.
      - 3. Decisional Roles:
        
        Managers are charged with the responsibility of making decisions on behalf of both the organization and the stakeholders with an interest in it.
        
        Managers seek to improve their businesses, adapt to changing market conditions, and react to opportunities as they present themselves
        
        resource allocator involves managers making decisions about who gets what, how much, when, and why.
        
        Resources, including:
        
        equipment
        
        human labor
        
        funding
        
        office or production space.
        
        The final decisional role is that of negotiator.
        
        negotiations: over budget allocations, labor and collective bargaining agreements, and other formal dispute resolutions.
      - 1. Interpersonal Roles:
        
        Three of the roles of a manager arise directly from formal authority and involve basic interpersonal relationships.
        
        They are responsible for the work of the people in their unit
        
        Influence as a manager over others.
        
        Decorative figure (perform some ceremonial duties).
  - - - Is a central discipline in the study of communication and corporate reputation.
      - Is about the movement of information and the skills that facilitate it:
        
        Speaking,writing, listening, and processes of critical thinking.
        
        Understanding your identity and reputation
        
        The contributions individuals can make to the success of their business
        
        The confidence
      - The communication, in many ways, is the work of managers.
    - - Is one of the things managers get done
      - “Words do matter,” “They matter very much".
      - The language is the key for manager
- - - - The current CEO of PepsiCo was the first person to chair the company without being born in the United States. She is considered by Fortune magazine as one of the most powerful female executives in the world. Before taking the lead of the large soft drink company, she also worked in such important companies as Motorola, The Boston Consulting Group or Johnson & Johnson.
        
        She was named President of PepsiCo in 2006 and has undergone a profound transformation of the brand towards a model that minimizes environmental impact and is more sustainable.
        
        In addition, she was the driving force behind the merger with Quaker Oats, as well as the acquisition of Tropicana and many other enriching operations that have resulted in benefits for the company.
        
        Since she became CFO, the company's annual profits have grown by $ 3.8 billion, making it the fifth best CEO in PepsiCo's history
  - - - Named the best executive of the 20th century by Fortune, Welch not only served as CEO of General Electric Co. for 20 years, but has used his leadership insights to write about the keys to success. Each year, Jack Welch awarded bonuses to 20% of the most productive workforce. On the other hand, he fired the 10% with the worst results. This method was noticed since in five years the staff was reduced by more than 100,000. This is just one of the rules for leadership that the powerful executive lists in his book "Winning."
        
        Worry about cultivating relationships with subordinates as well as with superiors.
        
        Have the courage to make unpopular decisions, since ethical decisions are not always the ones that everyone likes.
        
        Always bear in mind that the position does not define the person, and that you have to maintain simplicity and humility at all times.
  - - - The founder of the Ford brand was the inventor of chain manufacturing. And he is another of the great references in the world of business leadership, as well as a great leader.