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20.2 Coggle: Europe Faces Revolutions Group 2 - Coggle Diagram
20.2 Coggle: Europe Faces Revolutions Group 2
Clash of Philosophies
There were three schools of political thought
Liberal
The supporters of this political group were middle-class leaders and merchants
But only the educators and landowners would vote
They wanted to give more power to elected parliments
Liberal & Conservative ideas in the 1800s
Radical
Change
They favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people.
They believed that governments should practice ideals of the French Revolution
Liberty
Equality
Brotherhood
These supporters were liberal but much more hardcore
Some Radicals believed in anarchism
Anarchism: A belief that government is harmful and not needed
Abolish government altogether
Revolution
To overthrow an entire government is an extremely revolutionary act.
Conservative
These supporters consisted of mostly the wealthy people of Europe and the nobility
They argued for protecting the traditional monarchies of Europe
Culture
These people wanted to keep the same governmental culture that had always been in play, they were not in favor of change
Prince Klemens von Metternich shaped conservative control of Europe for almost 40 years
Self-Interest
A common pattern you can see is that the followers of each political standpoint is in favor of their own interests
To which school do U.S. political parties belong?
In today's society, the republican party is shifted more towards supporting conservative philosophies.
The democratic party supports the liberal side and some radical philosophies as well.
How can people have such different philosophies?
People can have such different philosophies because everyone is so different. Each philosophy supporter each has lived such a different lifestyle and each have had such different expierinces.
Much like the Bible, everyone has different interpretations of it, which is much like life. People interpret their overall goals differently and want different outcomes of life.
Radicals Change France
The main goal of Frances Revolution was to make a democratic government
change
In 1830, France’s King Charles X tried to stage a return to absolute monarchy. The attempt sparked riots that forced Charles to flee to Great Britain. He was replaced by Louis-Philippe, who had supported liberal reforms in France.
in 1848, Lousi-Philippe fell from popular Favor
goverment
Once again, a Paris mob overturned a monarchy and established a republic. The new republican government began to fall apart almost immediately.
The radicals split into factions. One side wanted only political reform. The other side also wanted social and economic reform
The violence turned French citizens away from the radicall.It called for a parliament and a strong president to be elected by the people.
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How were the actions of the radicals contrary to their philosophy
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Reform in Russia
1800’s Russia yet to get into modern industrialized world
1820’s Russians believed serfdom must end because:
Morally Wrong
Prevented Empire to advance economically
Czars were reluctant to let go of serfs
because:
Would anger Nobles
Mad Nobles would not help czar
Lack of development became obvious to Russia and rest of world
1853- Nicholas I threatened Ottoman Empire in the Crimean War
Russia's systems of industry and transportation failed to provide supplies to trrops
1856- lost against a combined France, GBR, Sardinia, Ottoman Empire
Nicholas’s son Alexander II decided to move Russia toward modernization
He believed reform would make Russia competitive again
He Freed serfs in 1861 with the Emancipation of Serfs
BUT Peasant communities received half of the farmland in russia, instead of the individual peasants
Serfs also had to pay it over next 49 years
Nobles kept the other half of the land
Was also paid for by Goverment
Alexander II assassinated in 1881
Cuased Political and Social reform to stop
Alexander III followed, tightenend czarsist control
Encouraged Industrial development to expand russias power.
Nationalism was also encouraged
What is
nationalism
Nationalism
What is the
Emansipation of serfs
War
Conflict
What are
serfs
?
How did Russia’s defeat in the Crimean War push it toward political reform?
It helped them see that they were not capable enough with the system they had, so they decided to move toward modernization so that they would eventually become competitive with other countries.
Were the peasants better off after the serfs were freed? Explain
They were much better off freed, as they could have some sort of power against nobles and were able to make decisions on their own instead of being tied to the land of the nobles, making them tied to the nobles.
Nationalism Develops
How did Nationalism blur the line between philosophies?
Liberals wanted some change, Conservatives wanted no change, and Radicals wanted a lot of change.
People of each philosophy lived in areas where Nationalism spread to
These people joined the Nationalist movement, and all of them contributed their ideas.
This led to the movement being something most people could get behind, and contributed to it spreading in popularity.
Conservatives managed to make the ideology keep monarchs safe, Liberals and Radicals caused people to not be as loyal to monarchs and promoted some change with their new idea.
What goal did liberals in Germany and Austria have?
The liberals in Germany and Austria wanted to create Nation-states out of people they considered to be similar to them.
They wanted to have different countries than what there was, for example the Austrians wanted to break away from Hungary, and the Germans wanted to get rid of the many smaller states and make one big country while also breaking away from Austria.
Nationalism
You can see Nationalism here because people felt they all belonged in certain countries, and created identities for these countries.
Self-Interest
Nationalism is mainly people who all share the same sentiment of belonging in one country.
One side-effect of Nationalism can be people who run the Nationalist country really try and make that country more powerful, and this is done by having a strong sense of Self-Interest when making decisions like going to war or negotiating things.
Nationalism Definition
Nationalism Develops
People began to form more national identities
They wanted to break free from their rulers or merge multiple countries into one.
Originally, only France, Britain and Spain were Nation-States with national identities.
Europe in 1820:
This idea was formed in the liberal middle class, and spread with the growing middle class, which also spread democracy.
People wanted to be governed by people that were more similar to them and chosen by them.
Conservatives briefly took over before liberals began to gain power in the late 1820's and caused new ideas to be introduced and stay there. (About 3/4 of the way down)
Nationalists Challenge Conservitive Power
In 1820 Revolutions swept across Europe
Culture
The Greeks began to take pride in their ancient history and culture and rebelled against the Ottoman Empire in 1821
Why did leaders of powerful countries oppose revolution even when not directed against them?
They were conservitive and wanted to keep things the way they were because it benefited them but in the case of the Greeks most of the nations respected the Greek history and culture so they were ok with their independence
Change
Independence
Witht the support of British, French, and Russian fleet they destroyed the Ottoman navy at the battle of Navarino earning Greece their independence
The idea of revolution swept across Europe as the Congress of Vienna was crumbling which inspired countries like Italy, Belgium, and Poland to take their independence
Escalation
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