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Formal Analysis: Explain how the formal elements of a work of art affect…

- - - - Correlated terms: keywords or objects that commonly appear together
        
        Relationship: E.G. "Calm" is a "Benefit" of lavender "France" could be "origin"
        
        Object Function: (i.e. Lavender = ingredient, Himalayana Salt = Mineral, coffee = Consumable, chocolate)
        
        Connotation: the secondary, cultural meanings of signs; or "signifying signs," signs that are used as signifiers for a secondary meaning, e.g., the word "rose" signifies passion.
        
        Metonymy: a kind of connotation where in one sign is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power.
        
        Correlation Performance: Benchmark performance to see if engagement is higher or lower when together in an image/text
      - Visual Elements
        
        Lighting Associations: Analysis of the effect that lighting has on the image (e.g. lighting that communicates calmness, activity etc.)
        
        Color Associations From colour theory understanding the messages colours communicate; and the methods used to replicate colour. for analysis to understand the overall
        
        Compositional Associations: Eg. A striking and minimalist
    - - Object Category: Identify whether the category that the object is most relevant to (i.e. Shirts = Fashion, coffee = Food & Beverage)
        
        Object PerformanceIdentify the performance of an object
    - - Context Clues: It answers the question, "How did the artist do it?"
        
        What= Content Types Is it a product post, a value post, a meme, a sale announcement etc.
        
        Product Post
        
        Event: This would include things like "Workout, Class, Wedding, Funeral, Hike" - These can be derived through text or contextual factors such as "Woman working out / Location as Gym = Workout," or "Woman in white dress + priest = Wedding" . It could also include explicit things like naming a "Webinar"
        
        Store Promotion
        
        Who Who generated the content? This can be determined through caption
        
        Professional
        
        Brand (Team)
        
        Partner
        
        Influencer:
        
        Amatuer
        
        UGC (@mention)
        
        Staff Member (Job Title)
        
        When
        
        Implied Time of Day: Level 1- Day/night Level 2: Morning, Noon, Afternoon, Evening, Night: Method:Derived from Lighting in image (e.g. light/dark), text in image (e.g. "Breakfast") or from Objects in image (e.g. coffee and scrambled eggs = breakfast)
        
        Implied Time of Week: Level 1: Weekend/weekday, - Level 2: MTWTFSS can be pulled using text, post metadata
        
        Implied Date or Events/Holidays E.g. NYFW, Christmas Day, New Year's Eve etc. can be implied using post text and metadata
        
        Time of Year: Level 1- Season, Level 2- Month
        
        How
        
        Equipment
        
        Apparent Camera Lens/Settings This could include things like Aperture, Shutter Speed, ISO, Type of lens etc.
        
        Apparent Light Source
        
        Apparent Effects
        
        Music:
        
        Where
        
        Geography Location: Level 1: Planet, Level 2: Hemisphere, Level 3: Continent, Level 4: Geographic region, Level 5: Country, Level 6: State/Provence, Level 7: city ("Paris," "New York",) Level 9: Address (Nespresso)
        
        Space: Level 1: "Indoor" or "Outdoor"- Level 2: Domestic, Commercial, Industrial, Natural- Level 3: "Cafe," "Home," "Hotel," "Hospital," "Beach," - Level 4: "Bedroom," "Office," "Cubical," "Kitchen," "Bathroom" (Demand Spaces, PepsiLipton, Nespresso)
  - - - Shape, Form and Pattern
        
        Pattern Detection
        
        Pattern Regularity: How Predictable and Regular are the patterns? This can include asymmetric and symmetric patterns, Etc. Symmetry is a predictable and perfect regularity within pattern
        
        Behavioral information Are the patterns static or dynamic? The key concepts are the identification of collective variables (or order parameters) for behavioral patterns and the determination of their dynamics obtained through study of the stability (and loss of stability) of behavioral patterns. Methods for calculating stability measures are defined and discussed (e.g., fluctuations, relaxation times, time scale relations).
        
        Image paths and journeys: Do space and objects in the image create patterns that communicate a clear or direct path for the eye to follow? How strong is the connection and in what direction/shape do these paths create?
        
        Shape Categories Are there more geometric or natural shapes in an image? Geometric Shapes: Have uniform measurements and are usually man-made. These two-dimensional shapes can be manipulated with mathematics but lack any visual information with regards to their location, scale or orientation. Natural Shapes: Are associated with the natural world and may or may not have a name. These free-form shapes have very few straight lines, such as with leaves, plants, trees or animals
        
        Form Detection Do objects in the image represent any forms? This is where object detection comes into play
      - Size & Placement
        
        Visual Clutter Overall, how visually "cluttered" is the image? This could be determined by edge detection
        
        Unity & Balance of Positive to Negative Space What are the proportions of positive vs. negative space in the image?
        
        Subject Size Generally speaking, how large are image subjects? Are they all similar sizes or different sizes?
        
        Image Balance/Rule of Thirds How do objects in the image interact with the rule of thirds (Ie. are they placed along the lines, etc.)
        
        Object Hierarchy: Identifying which objects are most to least visible based on size and placement in the image
      - Perspective
        
        Dimension How does the image communicate Depth? Is it Linear, Isometric, Oblique- perhaps it is two dimensional? Is there a stacked perspective (Like in the Mona Lisa?) Potentially it is an image (Relevant to animation and art) This will also include things like "Forced Perspective"
        
        Point of View "Top/down," "Bird's Eye," Worm's View, Eye-height, 1ft, 2ft etc.
        
        Aperture/Depth of Field How distinct is the detail in the background from the focal point of the image? ie. is the background blurry or clear? This depends on how important the subject is vs. background. Having a shallow depth of field allows an image to create distinction even with saturated colours in the background.
      - Picture Plane
        
        Aspect Ratio How wide vs. long an image is- Images can be cropped for different aspect ratios
        
        Angle of View This is "Wide" to "Normal" and is measured in degrees. (eg. 120º) For a lens, this is correlated with "Focal Length" where the range of a lens is expressed by a number, and that number tells you how much of the scene your camera will be able to capture. Smaller numbers have a wider angle of view and show more of the scene; larger numbers have a narrower angle of view and show less. Each eye individually has anywhere from a 120-200° angle of view, depending on how strictly one defines objects as being "seen." Similarly, the dual eye overlap region is around 130° — or nearly as wide as a fisheye lens.
    - - Lighting
        
        Hardness of Light Is the photo taken under soft lighting or hard lighting? This is determined by looking at the gradation of the shadow.
        
        Exposure Levels In photography, exposure is the amount of light per unit area (the image plane illuminance times the exposure time) reaching a frame of photographic film or the surface of an electronic image sensor, as determined by shutter speed, lens aperture, and scene luminance.
        
        Apparent Warmth of Light Measured in Kelvin, identify what the lighting warmth appears to be. This will be very subjective and by looking at the White balance
        
        Direction of light This can be measured by looking at the direction of the shadows in an image and will be in 1-360 degrees
        
        Distribution of Light Is the entire image lit, is there "Masterpiece lighting" is it partially lit etc.
      - Clarity
        
        Image Sharpness/Accutance How sharp, or clear are subjects in the image? Are details visible? Image sharpness can be measured by the “rise distance” of an edge within the image. With this technique, sharpness can be determined by the distance of a pixel level between 10% to 90% of its final value (also called 10-90% rise distance)Sharpness can be subjective and the perception of sharpness is influenced by a handful of factors like aperture, depth of field, shutter speed, lens resolution, and camera sensors. It has a lot to do with contrast too, especially along the edges of objects in a frame.
        
        Image Resolution The resolution refers to the number of pixels (dots) per inch (DPI). For example, if an image contains 800-by-600 pixels and has a size of 4-by-3 inches, then the resolution is 800 pixel / 4 inches = 200 DPI. Generally, higher resolution allows you to print or zoom up images to larger sizes without losing quality.
    - - Colour Schemes from Dominant Colours: Derive top 5-10 colours to analyse the visual effects of how colours in an image/timeline mix, match or contrast with each other.
        
        Colour Contrast
        How dynamic are the colour relationships,
        
        Hue Relationships What is the relationship between each of the hues in the image? Is it Monochromatic, Complementary, Analogous, etc.?
        
        Colour Balance: Analyse the proportion and distribution of HSB across a colour scheme (e.g. lots of bright colours, colour pops, high contrast brightness etc.)
        
        Colour Pop: Are all of the colours the same level of saturation/brightness? This is determined by looking at both the contrast and the proportion of the colours relative to eachother.
        
        Colour Mood
        
        Image Warmth-RGB: Overall, does the image feel more warm, or more cool? Is It Dark & Warm (e.g. Nespresso) or Dark & Bright (e.g. Spicy), Is it cool and warm (Harry Potter) or cool and bright (Mykonos); Is it Green and bright or green and
        
        Colour Hierarchy Identifies the most "eye" catching colours "Subjective Primary, Subjective Secondary, Subjective Neutral"
  - - - Nouns
        
        Common Nouns Refers to people or things in general, e.g. boy, country, bridge, city, birth, day, happiness.
        
        Concrete Nouns
        
        People (man, woman, dentist, proofreader)
        
        Animals (dog, cat, bird, bee)
        
        Objects (clock, book, computer, pizza)
        
        Places and geographical features (mountain, valley, Norwich, France)
        
        Abstract Nouns
        
        Qualities and characteristics (beauty, kindness, wit)
        
        Emotions and states of mind (love, happiness, anger)
        
        Concepts and ideas (justice, freedom, truth)
        
        Events and processes (progress, Thursday, Christmas)
        
        Proper Noun
        
        Particular Things
        
        Particular Ideas
        
        Particular places
        
        Particular Person
      - Pronouns
        
        Names
        
        1st, 2nd, 3rd Person
        
        Interrogative pronouns
      - Verbs
      - Adverbs
      - Adjectives
        
        Proper adjective Derived from a proper noun. For example, “The English language”, “The Indian Ocean”, “The Victorian attitude.
        
        Descriptive, qualitative or attributive: Shows the kind and quality of a person or thing. For example, “A brave person.”, “A beautiful child.”, “A careful mother.” Some attributive adjectives are derived from nouns, e.g. a law college, a flower garden, pay-day.
        
        Quantitative, Definite & Indefinite Numeral:shows how much (quantity) of a thing is meant. For example, I did not eat any apple, he ate much bread, you drink little milk. A quantitative adjective is always followed by a singular material or abstract noun. Definite Numeral includes cardinal, ordinal, Multiplicative); Indefinite numerals do not show an exact number e.g. all, some, enough, none, many, few, several etc
        
        Demonstrative adjective points out which person or thing is meant, e.g. this boy, that person, those men. That, those, this, and these.
        
        Distributive adjective refers to each one of a number. They are four in number; each, every, either, neither.
        
        Interrogative adjective Whose pen is this?”, “What book is that?”, “Which flower do you like best?”
        
        Possessive adjective The words my, our, your, his, her, its, their, when used before a noun, are called possessive adjectives.