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THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS (II), image, image, image, image, image…
THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS (II)
RELIGIOUS POLICY
Catholic Monarchs’ main political objectives
To establish religious unity in their domains
to prevent revolts and internal divisions
In order to do this The jews and Muslims were expelled
Jews
They were persecuted by the Christian population towards the end of the Middle Ages
In the 15th century, this anti-Semitism increased
Why they were persecuted?
The Christians believed that the Jews offended God
some of them were bankers and many Christians owed them money
In 1492, the monarchs forced them to convert to Christianity
Those who agreed to convert
Converts (conversos)
They were investigated and persecuted by the Inquisition to prevent them from practising their old religion in secret
Those who didn't obey
Sephardic Jews
They had to sell their assets at a loss and leave their homes
Mudéjar
They were Muslims who lived in Christian territories
1492
The conquest of Granada
After the conquest Cardinal Cisneros forced them to be baptised
many of them revolted in the Alpujarras
1502
They were expelled from Castilla
1526
They were expelled from Aragon
Those who converted
Moriscos
they were persecuted by the Inquisition
the majority of the Mudéjar were farmers
their departure had a negative impact on agriculture
FOREIGN POLICY
Diplomatic strategies
The monarchs formed political agreements or alliances by marying their children with other monarchs of Europe
Union with Portugal
Isabella of Aragón married to King Manuel I of Portugal
Their son, Miguel, was due to inherit the three kingdoms, but both mother and son died
One of the monarchs' other daughters, María, was then married to the widowed king
Isolation of France
In 1493 an agreement was reached with France
the territories of Roussillon and Cerdanya were returned to Aragon
the monarchs married their children
to English princes (France's enemy)
to the Habsburgs of the Holy Roman Empire, who governed Austria and Burgundy
Milirary strategies
On the Iberian Peninsula
1492
Boabdil, the ruler of the kingdom of Granada, surrendered the last existing Muslim state on the Peninsula
1512
Ferdinand the Catholic conquered Navarra to prevent it from forming an alliance with France
It then became part of the Crown of Castilla
Outside the Iberian Peninsula
Italy (1503)
The forces of Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba defeated the French at the battles of Cerignola and Garigliano
He secured the Aragónese territories of Naples, Sicily and Sardinia
The Atlantic Ocean (1478-1496)
The Canary Islands were conquered
These islands would serve as a stop off point for Christopher Columbus' first voyage to the Americas in 1492
Northern Africa(1497-1510)
various enclaves which Berber pirates operated from were conquered
Ceuta was conquered by the kingdom of Portugal.
Catholic Monarchs' main objectives
The isolation of France
Unification of Iberian Peninsula
the consolidation of the Crown of Aragón
the expansion across the Atlantic
