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THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS, image, image, image - Coggle Diagram
THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
RELIGIOUS POLICY
One of the Catholic Monarchs’ main political objectives was to establish religious unity in their domains.
Their aim was to prevent revolts and internal divisions. In order to do this, the Jews and Muslims were expelled.
Jaws
Were persecuted by the Christian population towards the end of the Middle Ages.
In the 15th century, anti-Semitism increased. The Christians believed that the Jews offended God. Some of them were bankers and many Christians owed them money.
In 1492, the monarchs forced them to convert to Christianity. Those who did not obey had to sell their assets at a loss and leave their homes. They are known as Sephardic Jews.
Those who agreed to convert were known as conversos and were investigated and persecuted by the Inquisition.
Mudéjar
Were Muslims who lived in Christian territories.
After the conquest of Granada in 1492, Cardinal Cisneros forced them to be baptised. As a result, many of them revolted in the Alpujarras. They were expelled from Castilla in 1502 and from Aragón in 1526.
Those who converted were known as Moriscos and they were also persecuted by the Inquisition. As the majority of the Mudéjar were farmers, their departure had a negative impact on agriculture.
FOREIGN POLICY
The Catholic Monarchs' main objectives were the unification of the Iberian Peninsula, the isolation of France, the consolidation of the Crown of Aragón in the Mediterranean and the expansion across the Atlantic.
They used diplomatic and military strategies.
Diplomatic
The monarchs formed political agreements or alliances by marrying their children to the kings and princes of other European kingdoms.
Union with Portugal
The monarchs married their oldest daughter, Isabella of Aragón, to King Manuel I of Portugal. Their son, Miguel, was due to inherit the three kingdoms, but both mother and son died.
Isolation of France.
In 1493 an agreement was reached with France in which the territories of Roussillon and Cerdanya were returned to Aragón. France continued to be their main enemy.
Military
Catholic Monarchs carried out a series of military conquests.
Iberian Peninsula
In 1492, after a ten year war, Boabdil, the ruler of the kingdom of Granada, surrendered the last existing Muslim state on the Peninsula
In 1512, Ferdinand the Catholic' conquered Navarra to prevent it from forming an alliance with France. It then became part of the Crown of Castilla.
Outside the Iberian Peninsula
Northern Africa: Ceuta was conquered by the kingdom of Portugal.
Italy: The forces of Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba the Great Captain, defeated the French at the battles of Cerignola and Garigliano.
Atlantic Ocean: The Canary Islands were conquered following the subjugation of their inhabitants, the Guanches 1478-1496.xghyiopo
