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THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS, image, image, image, image - Coggle…
THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS
RELIGIOUS POLICY
One of the Catholic Monarchs’ main political objectives was to establish religious unity in their domains
End of the Middle Ages
The Jews were persecuted by the Christian population
The Christians believed that the Jews offended God
Some of them were bankers and many Christians owed them money
In 1492
The monarchs forced them to convert to Christianity
Sephardic Jews
Not obey had to sell their assets at a loss and leave their homes
Conversos
Agreed to convert
Were investigated and persecuted by the Inquisition to prevent them from practising their old religion in secret.
The Mudéjar were Muslims who lived in Christian territories
in 1492
After the conquest of Granada
Cardinal Cisneros forced them to be baptised
Many of them revolted in the Alpujarras (Andalucía)
They were expelled from Castilla in 1502 and from Aragón in 1526
Moriscos
Those who converted
They were also persecuted by the Inquisition
Majority of the Mudéjar were farmers, their departure had a negative impact on agriculture.
FOREIGN POLICY
The Catholic Monarchs' main objectives
The unification of the Iberian Peninsula
the consolidation of the Crown of Aragón in the Mediterranean
The expansion across the Atlantic
The isolation of France
Diplomatic
The monarchs formed political agreements or alliances by marrying their children to the kings and princes of other European kingdoms
Union with Portugal
The monarchs married their oldest daughter Isabella to the king of Portugal (Manuel I)
Their son Miguel
Has to inherit the three kingdoms, but both mother and son died
One of the monarchs' other daughters, María, was then married to the widowed king
Isolation of France
In 1493 an agreement was reached with France in
Territories of Cerdanya
Territories of Roussillon
The monarchs married their children to English princes----> (France's enemy)
the Habsburgs of the Holy Roman Empire, who governed Austria and Burgundy.
Military
The Catholic Monarchs carried out a series of military conquests
On the Iberian Peninsula
In 1492, after a ten year war, Boabdil, the ruler of the kingdom of Granada, surrendered the last existing Muslim state on the Peninsula
In 1512, Ferdinand the Catholic' conquered Navarra to prevent it from forming an alliance with France. It then became part of the Crown of Castilla
Outside the Iberian Peninsula
Northern Africa. Between 1497 and 1510, various enclaves which Berber pirates operated from were conquered (Melilla, Oran and Bugia). Ceuta was conquered by the kingdom of Portugal
Italy. The forces of Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba the Great Captain', defeated the French at the battles of Cerignola and Garigliano (1503) and secured the Aragónese territories of Naples, Sicily and Sardinia
The Atlantic Ocean. The Canary Islands were conquered following the subjugation of their inhabitants, the Guanches (1478-1496). These islands would serve as a stop off point for Christopher Columbus' first voyage to the Americas in 1492.
