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Frist Quimenter Flow Chart - Coggle Diagram
Frist Quimenter Flow Chart
DNA Replication,transcription and translation
DNA structure: where all the gebetic information is sorted and it has a double helix form that wist arround the strands that made it up.
Made up of nucleotides, sugar phosphase backbone, purines, pyrimidines, covalent bonds, H bonds and phosphate bonding.
DNA is a genetic material?
Hershy and chase carried out experiments that helped confirm DNA as the genetic metrial of life using radioisotopes.
Transcription
The synthesis of RNA molecules using DNA strans as a template so that the genetic info can go from DNA to RNA.
The componets of this section is that everiting is catalized by the polymerase and that is what devides the strands and thin it replaces the 2 strands to single strands. T changes U
Replication
Dna replication copies the exact information that is inDNA that will made up all chromosomes and when the chromosomes devide in mitosis that is how the obtain the genetic information.
Three models od DNA replication: Conservative, semi-conservative and depresive.
Melselon and Stahl crated an experiment using 2 versions of nitrogen in where the proved that the only acceptable model was the semi conservative one.
Translation
It brings the amino acids from the cytoplam to the growing polypeptide abd to atach them in the correct location.
RNA
There are tree types which are: mRNA, rRNA and tRAN, they all help on the creation of proteins.
tRAN: some regions of DNA act a stelomeres or produce tRNA.
mRNA: it chages a lot of things in the genetic codes and that is what makes it so important.
Ribosomes: there are two tipes thata re the free and bound ribosomes. One of them moves arround and the other is more static located in the ER. They all function throught the EPA presses.
Dogma of Biology:
It explains the genetic infotmation that is in the cell. Also it incudes the prosses of replication, translation and trascription in where they are also incarged of gene expression
Epigenetics: is teh sudy of biochemical reaction and the factors that influence gene expresion.
Metabolism:
All living organizims require a constant imput of enery.
Most organizims use photosyntesis or cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis
The main goal is to store energy.
It is used in Plants, Bacteria and also Algues.
Cellular respiration:
Cellular respiration main goal is to release the energy that has been stored
Is not only for animals, it also happens in plants (gemination), Fungi, bacteria and some other specimens.
Cell respiration
Elelctron transport Chain
AREOBIC
Elelctron transport Chain
PROTEINS
They are hight-energy electrons from glycosis and the Krebs cycle.
The products of the other tow steps help create ADP into ATP
NDAH oxidation is happening and thats why it looses 2 electrons.
Also O2 reductions
MAIN PURPOSE IS TO GENERATE ENERGY.
Photosynthesis
The way that plants poroduce GLUCOSE with the help of sun light and many other variants and materials.
Light dependent reaction:
Photosystems: Is a group of proteins arround 200 and 300 chlotophyll molecules and also other pigments. They exist photosystemsI and photosystems II. They occur in the thyiakoid membrane.
Light independent reactions:
Calvin Cycle (stroma)
They obtain energy from the sun and obtain from these reactions, ATP and NADPH.
Calvin Cycle: Carbon Fixation, Reduction of Glycerate-3-Phosphate, Regeneration of RuBP.
Elements of Photosynthesis:
Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis in the plant cells.
NADP+, NADPH: Electron acceptor that temporarely store energy.
Electormagnetic Spectrum: electromagnetic waves and laso the way that light function in the spectrum.
Digments: reflect, absorb or transmit light.
Chlorophyll: The main pigment of photosynthesis.
Pheophytin: interaction between electron transport system and photosystem II.
Plastoquinone: Molecules that accepts H+ protons from the matrix.
Cytochrome: It is an enzyme complex found in chloroplast.
Exited state of Electron: When the energy of a photon is transferd to an electron on the cholophyll.
PuBP: colorless ion, start the Calvin Cycle.
Ferredoxins:Carry electrons in photosystem I.
Photolysis of Water: When water looses electron because of oxydation.
Ecology:
Topic 4.1, Species communities and ecosystems
study of the different factors and processes that affect distribution and abundance in organisms.
Species: Group of similar organisms that can interbreed, it is the main unit for the classification of organisms
Hybrids: Offspring of two animals/plants from different species
Habitat: It is a place where organisms or communities of organisms live.
Population: A group of organisms that are part of the same species
Community:Population that lives in one area.
Niche:
Fundamental and Realized niche
Nutrition:
Autotrophic:
“Self-feeding”
and Heterotrophic:
Obtain carbon compounds from other organisms, feed from others
Ovnibores, hevivores and carnibores