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PBL 2 Aging and Retirement Mindmap 2 Hannah McGregor - Coggle Diagram
PBL 2 Aging and Retirement
Mindmap 2
Hannah McGregor
LOs
How can a person's wellbeing be protected after retirement?
In which ways can cognitive function be affected in later life?
What ways can retirees adjust to life changes?
Positives of retirement
Atchley (1976) proposes the stages that people go through when they retire. The first stage is called the 'honeymoon' stage as this is when elders really experiece their sense of freedom from the job, and there is generally a rush of euphoria at the exciting life change they are embarking on.
The fourth stage of retirement is named 'reorientation', this stage is characterised by finding a stable routine, this is usually done by getting involved in activities that the individual feels fulfilled and satified by.
The fifth stage of retirement as proposed by Atchley (1974) is characterised by the individual being completely adjusted to retired life.
Negatives of retirement
Decline in mental health
Loss in identity/purpose
Role theory (1942) suggests difficulties adjusting to retirement stem from loss of status and identity associated with leaving paid work.
Difficulties with identiy are common amojng retirees espeically when people are strongly attached to their careers, feeling like a failure when they suddly leave their job (Phillipson, 1993).
Loss of purpose from retiring may come from the fact that individuals have fewer reponsibilities or obligations, meaning they have mroe free time than they did before (Barnes & Parray, 2004).
Lack of social support and loneliness
Retireing can be shock to the system for those who use their work as a means of ensuring they have social support (Osbourne, 2012).
One study found that individuals who have strain from the social networks (spouse/partner, children, family, and friends) outside of work are likely to have intensifed feelings of loneliness (Chen& Feeley (2013).
Ways to prevent or alleviate decline in wellbeing
Exercise
Endorphins are released into the nervous system, these endorphins have many benefits including mood state changes and “exercise-induced euphoria” and a change in the perception of fatigue (Vina, 2012).
Martinsen (1994) dicuss the that the type of exercise can impact on mood, older reseach focuses on the benefits of aerobic exercise of mental health but modern research is starting to suggest that anaerobic activity such as weight training and flexibility can alleviate depressive symptoms
Psychological resons behind the positive impact of exercise can be linked to improvemets in a person's self-efficacy. A vast amount of achievement is felt when completing a challenges exercise. Over time this will increase self-esteem.
Diet and exercise have long been recognized as important components of a healthy lifestyle, as they have a great impact on improving cardiovascular and cerebrovascular functions, lowering the risk of metabolic disorders, and contributing to healthy aging (Gates & Singh 2015). .
To be considered the most important benefits from exercise is the socialisation indivudals get from it, having left work many are left without friends so exercise can relpace the sense of community and morale (Strohle, 2009).