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Fluid and Electrolytes - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Diseases with too much aldosterone:
        -Cushings (too much of all steroids)
        -Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome)
        
        Disease with too little:
        -Addison's Disease
    - - Too Much ADH:
        -Retain water
        -Fluid excess
        -SIADH (too many letters too much water)
      - Too Little ADH:
        -Lose water
        -Fluid volume deficit
        -Diabetes Insipidus
- - - - Causes:
        -Renal failure
        -Antacids
        
        S/S:
        -Flushing/warmth
        -Mg causes vasodilation
        
        Treatment:
        -Ventilator
        -dialysis
        -Calcium gluconate (antidote for Mg toxicity)
        -safety precautions
    - - Causes:
        -Hyperparathyroidism: too much PTH (when serum calcium low, parathormone kicks in and pulls Ca from bones and puts into the blood)
        -Thiazides (retain Ca)
        -Immobilization
        
        S/S:
        -Bones brittle
        -Kidney stones
        
        Treatment:
        -Move
        -Fluids prevent kidney stones
        -Ca has an inverse relationship with phosphorus -> increase protein diet
        -Steroids
        -Safety precautions
        -Medications that decrease serum Ca (biphosphates, calcitonin)
  - - - Causes:
        -Diarrhea (lots of Mg in intestine)
        -Alcoholism
        -Alcohol suppresses ADH and it's hypertonic
        
        Treatment:
        -Give Mg
        -check kidney function before and during IV Mg
        -seizure precaution
        -Eat Mg
        -Stop infusion if flushing/sweating when starting IV Mg
    - - Causes:
        -Hypoparathyroidism
        -Radical neck
        -Thyroidectomy
        All of these = not enough PTH > serum Ca decrease
        
        Treatment:
        -PO Calcium
        -IV Ca (give slow) and put on heart monitor
        -Vitamin D
        -Phosphate binders (sevelamer, Phoslo)
- - - - S/S:
        -Dry mouth
        -Thirsty
        -Swollen tongue
        -Neuro changes
        
        Treatment:
        -Restrict sodium
        -Dilute client with fluids
        -Daily weight
        -I/O
        -lab work
        If you have a sodium problem you have a fluid problem.
        Feeding tube clients also tend to be dehydrated.
  - - - S/S:
        -Headache
        -Seizure
        -Coma
        
        Treatment:
        -Client needs sodium
        -Client doesn't need water
        -If having neuro problems, need hypertonic saline (3%NS, 5%NS)
- - - - S/S:
        -Muscle twitching
        -Muscle weakness
        -Flaccid paralysis
        Think arrhythmias
        
        Treatment:
        -dialysis (kidneys are busted)
        -calcium gluconate decreases arrhythmia
        -glucose and insulin carries potassium into the cell
        -sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate)
  - - - S/S:
        -Muscle cramps
        -Muscle weakness
        Think arrhythmias
        
        Treatment:
        -Give potassium
        -Spironolactone (retains potassium)
        -Eat more potassium