The Independence Revolutions
From the boards to the wars of independence
The Spanish authorities drew all kinds of hopes from the first city to form a Sovereign Junta. They tried to prevent contagion. The viceroys of Lima and Bogotá quickly dispatched troops with the order that Quito should not rise again and leave no trace of Quito. In the war, the armies of Lima and Bogotá were overthrown or occupied the city, and a year of waiting, on August 2, 1810, they killed 300 patriots and citizens, causing great panic throughout America.
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HAITI AND SANTO DOMINGO
In 1803, Jean Jacques Dessalines finally defeated the French troops and, in 1804, declared war for the independence of Haiti. It was, therefore, the second most independent country in America, in this case led by people of color.
Francois Dominique Toussaint Louverture took charge of a large majority of slaves, on the French side of the island Hispaniola and took charge of the multitude between 1793 and 1802. He faced the Spanish, English and French, until his capture, exile and died. in France.
In 1822, Haitian troops subdued the eastern part of the island of Hispaniola, which was to regain Haitian independence in 1844.
Mexican Independence
Miguel Hidalgo delivered the Grito de Dolores call and ended on September 27, 1821, after 11 long years, the triumphal entry of the Army, led by Agustín de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero, to have a beautiful city called Mexico.The priest Miguel Hidalgo stands in front of the indigenous and peasants, then he launched the great cry of independence in the small town of Dolores.
Independence of Cuba
Central America
Provinces of the Center of America; It is a capital city of Guatemala. Without removal, the local oligarchies promoted the separation. This concluded a civil war, from 1838-1840, in which Guatemala could not come out undefeated.
Guatemala with its provinces; Guatemala with its great provinces; Chiapas, soconusco, El salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, the Highlands and Costa Rica, declared their independence by the Spanish crown
Panama; belonged to the Viceroy of New Granada and therefore
it became independent along with Colombia. It was separated in 1904, by the abrupt action that the United States did to control the Panama Canal, promoting the formation of a separate republic.
José Martí organizes the Cuban Revolutionary Party and is on a search for the old leaders of the revolution, unifies the different currents, builds a small army and expels some people in Cuba. Martí died in one of the combat actions in 1895, but the revolutionary army continued fighting.
The Case of Puerto Rico
On September 23, 1868 there was the cry of Lares, independence against Spain. The rebellion was over in no time. Puerto Rico continues within Spanish until the war between the United States and Spain.Puerto Rico was part of the United States not by prior notice, but by the figure of the United States, an intermediate form that the Yankees found for their total domination over this Antillean sister.
Brazil: Monarchical Independence
When Napoleon gave war to Portugal, John VI took refuge in Brazil in 1807 and then ordered a legal reform in 1815 by declaring Brazil as the territorial base that conquered the "Empire of Brazil, Portugal and the Algarve." Thus, Rio de Janeiro became the seat of an absolute monarchy, as well as those of Europe, and it is no longer a colony.
The Independence Revolution
The independence of Latin America was a historical process of the rebellion of its inhabitants against the Spanish colonial dominator and the formation of independent national states. It began with the claim of the Sovereign Boards in 1809. Some of them, especially the first one in Quito, were one of the most violent and bloody wars, with blood and fire by the Spanish authorities. The process continued until it became a real war.
CAUSES OF LATIN AMERICA INDEPENDENCE
Social. The disputes between Spaniards and Creoles for managerial positions were mentioned by all means, in all areas.
Ideological: The precursors advanced in independence, became aware of the differences between the colonies and the metropolis, highlighted the value of their own and raised the alternative of the homeland as a separate entity from Spain.
Economic; The Bourbon reforms sank the economy of the colonies, preventing intraregional trade and forcing them not to invest excessive taxes.