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(P1) Civil-Military Relations in Liberal Modern Industrialised Democracies…

- - - - concept 2: risk complexity, ...
        
        HUNTINGTON: the only good outcome for this shift to democracy, because decline of military power in politics "limitation on political involvement and other constraints have been imposed on the military" (p.12) + "the new democracies have been more successful In dealing with civil-military relations than with any major challenge they faced" (p.17)
        
        +many other changes/challenges for AF
        
        economically
        
        LEVY
        
        DANDEKER
        
        civilian economical model become applied to the military
        
        pressure on defense budget because no more inter-state wars. no legitimacy, because missions are hard to explain.
        
        Form
        
        type of army?
        
        DANDEKER = 4 types of army (in indrustrial democracies)
        
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        DANDEKER
        
        smaller army
        
        working on the principe of regeneration: could be ready for inter nation state war.
        
        pressure on defense budget
        
        technology and efficiency, increase in resources
        
        HUNTINGTON + see his 4 problems in modern mil.
        
        reduction of the size + emphasis of the military professionalism
        
        privatization of the military (in the same way as businesses or industries)
        
        control over the militaries through defense ministries
        
        !!!! "limitations on the political involvement and other constraints have been imposed on the military" (p.12)
        
        military acitivies became missions they are not strictly military
        
        reduction of the militaries roles in society
        
        civil-military relations
        
        concept 3: civilian control (All 3) ====> is a concept in military and political science and sociology that implies that the priority should be set in civilian authority, in strategic decision making rather than in professional military - military organisation purpose is only meant to defend society and not to define it.
        
        concept 4: DOUGLAS democratic control ====> means that there is power from the security sector + democratically elected leaders.+ 5 following aspects: 1) "clear legal and consitutional framework", 2) parliament of security has clear role, 3) responsibility of the military to society through ministry of defense 4) civil society in agreement with the missions of the army 5) presence of non gov presence community.
        
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        DOUGLAS:
        
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        all agree that it is seen as a necessary condition for democracy! (Puts a question on ISRAEL because it is for sure a military state)
        
        HUNTINGTON
        
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        DANDEKER:
        
        2 dimensions of CMR
        
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        HUNTINGTON
        
        decline in military power in politics
        
        Concept: objective civilian control!
        
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        society's vision of security
        
        DOUGLAS
        
        notion of security is not a matter of AF alone.
        
        social involvment in questions of security has loads of potential and can ensure critical constructive stance towards the AF, Ideally it should become a formal element of democratic control and can contribute to democratisation
        
        DANDEKER
        
        the state has a new mission, new role for its citizen
        
        the questions of new missions
        
        DANDEKER:
        
        is it possible to have a war between nation states? New world and questionings. ARMY HAS TO ADJUST THE NEW POST-TRADITIONAL WORLD AND VALUES => defining the new missions of the AF.
        
        these could be peacemaking/keeping and supporting missions as well
        
        Risk complexity, so threaths are hard to determine more missions but they are vague
        
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        LEGITIMACY PROBLEMS: hard to legitimise when you can't explain in one sentense to the country what it is for (ex: war conflict defend the country). Then the public can understand and support.
        
        HUNTINGTON mentioned in the 4 problems
        
        additional Huntington's views on the Modern Military
        
        HUNTINGTON
        
        4 problems
        
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        Reasons for success of this new type of army's implementation in society
        
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