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Energy Metabolism: Respiration - Coggle Diagram
Energy Metabolism: Respiration
Types of Respiration
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Respiration of Lipids
Heat-Generating Respiration
Thermogenic Respiration
It has been adapted for actually generating heat in a small number of species
Hypothetically, thermogenic regulation is a metabolism that typically functions only rarely and helps plants survive stress conditions.
Photorespiration
Aerobic Respiration
Is more efficient than anaerobic respiration because oxygen eliminates all of the problems of using pyruvate or acetaldehyde
There are 3 parts of Aerobic respiration
Glycolysis
The Citric Acid Cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation in an electron transport chain
Respiration that requires oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor
Anaerobic Respiration
Under certain conditions, oxygen is not a available, so an alternative electron acceptor must be used.
Glucose is broken down by a metabolic pathway
This pathway is called the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway (glycolysis)
Lower temp slows respiratory rate
Environmental & Internal Factors
Internal Regulation
Temperature
Lack of Oxygen
Respiratory Quotient
The ratio of carbon dioxide liberated to oxygen consumed
Total Energy Yield of Respiration
Fermentation of Alcoholic Beverages
Wine
Refers to fermented grapes of the species Vitis vinifera
Spirits
Once fermentation has produced enough alcohol to raise its concentration to 20%, the solution is toxic to the yeast and they die.
Beer
Made my fermenting starchy cereal grains, especially barley
Warnings
Fermentation of plant material always produces ethyl alcohol (ethanol), and this is classified as a depressant
Photosynthesis
Produces an excess of energy and reducing power, which are both stored as glucose and starch
Glucose then can be converted to sucrose, transported to apical meristems, vascular cambia, or any other heterotrophic tissue.
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Involves several intermediates that are phosphorylated five-carbon sugars (pentoses) and is an important source for many fundamental compounds.
Transforms glucose into four-carbon sugars and five-carbon sugars that are essential monomers in many metabolic pathways