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Geology, Geology: the study of rocks and their formation, structure and…
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Geology: the study of rocks and their formation, structure and composition. E.g. Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic.
Metamorphic
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Examples - Slate, schist and gneiss form uplands (for example, Snowdonia and the Scottish mountains).
Characteristics - Very tough and resistance to erosion, often forming uplands.
Igneous
Examples - Dartmoor which is granite, Norther Ireland which is basalt and Cuillin Hills which is gabbro.
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Formation - Magma that has cooled either on the ground surface (extrusive when a volcano erupts or below the ground (intrusive).
Sedimentary
Characteristics - Variable resistance to erosion; chalk and limestone are resistance and will from uplands, whereas weaker clays and sands form lowlands.
Examples - Chalk ridges and escarpments (for example, Lincolnshire, the Chilterns and the South Downs), limestone (for example, the Pennies), and sands and gravels (lowlands in southern England).
Formation - Rocks formed from the accumulation and compaction of sediment, usually in the ocean.
Geomorphic processes
Climate
Rainfall - the uplands - particularly in the west - receive a high proportion of the rainfall, in the lowlands in the south and east tending to be drier. This is because the moist air from the Atlantic is clouds. This type of rainfall is called relief rainfall. The drier the regions to the east can be describe as being in the 'rain shower'.
Temperature - temperatures tend to be lower in the uplands that in the lowlands, with frost and snow being common hazards in the winter. This is because temperature falls on average by 0.6 degrees C per 100m of altitude.
The climate of the UK has a role to play creating the UK's distinctive landscapes, but it is also affected by the landscapes.
Human activity
Uplands
These arears are have a low population due to the harsh climate and steep relief. Human activity is limited to extensive sheep rearing and forestry are common in the Uplands. In some areas reservoirs have been created in some areas to supply water and to generate hydroelectric power. In recent years, wind farms have been constructed in some uplands areas because they have strong winds.
Lowlands
These arears are more densely populated due to the moderate climate and gentler relief. Commercial farming dominates the countryside and much more of this landscapes is urbanised or crisscrossed by transport and service infrastructure.