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Anglo - Maratha Wars - Coggle Diagram
Anglo - Maratha Wars
First Anglo-Maratha War
Results
British acknowledged Madhav Rao II as Peshwa, retained Salsette.
brought little material rewards for the British, but established dominance of British influence and control in Indian politics.
end by the Treaty of Salbai in 1782, Raghunath Rao pensioned off
Treaty of Salbai is important landmark in history of India: gave British 20 years of peace with Marathas-a period utilized by the Company to strengthen its position in Bengal and subjugate Mysore.
Causes:
1773 Peshwa Narayan Rao was murdered, civil war broke out over succession between supporters of Madhav Rao II, the infant Peshwa (the son of Narayan Rao) and the supporters of Raghunath Rao (Raghoba), one of the contenders for the throne
Raghunath Rao appealed to British in Bombay for help who agreed, In return for Salsette and Bassein (later served as important naval bases), the British sent an army to support Raghunath Rao
Events
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Maratha chiefs were united under Nana Phadnavis (guardian and supporter of infant Peshwa), they defeated British from Bengal, Warren Hastings sent an army of the infant Peshwa,
war dragged on for 7 years and British became involved in second war with Mysore and were facing problems having to deal with two strong rivals at the same time
Second Anglo-Maratha War
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Results:
Wellesley was recalled from India during the war because England government was unhappy with enormous expenditure
George Barlow, signed a peace treaty with Holkar and returned his territories, reverted to policy of non-intervention
British troops and Residents posted in their territories, Holkar against British
The defeat in the Second Anglo-Maratha War was a severe blow to the power and prestige of the Marathas
Both families had to accept Subsidiary Alliance, surrender large tracts of valuable territory, acknowledge the British as their overlords
Causes
Maratha chiefs were consumed, dangerous development because British had revived their policy of aggressive imperialism, lack of unity among Maratha chiefs and power struggle, rapidly advancing foreigners, Maratha chiefs frittered away energies in struggle to control Peshwa and establish influence at Poona
Lord Wellesley assumed all other Maratha chiefs would accept the Subsidiary Treaty, since it had been signed by the Peshwa, nominal head .
Peshwa Madhav Rao II died in 1796, was succeeded by Peshwa Baji Rao II, a weak and indecisive ruler, death of Nana Phadnavis (great statesman and pillar of Maratha unity)
1802 Peshwa Baji Rao II, supported by Sindhia, was defeated by Holkar, fled to Bassein + signed Subsidiary escorted back to Poona by British soldiers
Third Anglo-Maratha War
Events
support of Bhonsle and Holkar, Peshwa attacked British Residency at Kirkee near Poona, burnt it.
British struck back and defeated Peshwa, Bhonsle and Holkar, Marathas were completely subjugated.
Results
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small state, Satara, was carved out from his territories and a descendant of Shivaji was placed on the throne.
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Holkar accepted the Subsidiary Alliance, Maratha power was extinguished
Causes
Peshwa Baji Rao II resented rigid control of British Resident, at the mercy of the British and forced to sign another treaty to surrender more territory and renounce all claims to the headship of the Marathas
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