a Nucleus, which is Divided from a Nucleus, Migrates to the Bud, a Small Outgrowth Develops on the Body of the Parent, and the Bud Detaches and Grows Independently

the Organism Breaks Up into Two or More Pieces, Called Fragments, which Each Grow Independently

Spore Sacs, Round, Oval Structures, Develop on the Body of the Parent, in which its Cytoplasm Divides Many Times into Spores, Tiny, Spherical, Unicellular Bodies, which have Thick Walls to Survive Harsh Conditions, and are Released when the Spore Sacs Open to be Carried by the Wind to Germinate in Favourable Conditions

Light Yellow Liquid Part of the Blood, is 90% Percent Water, Organic Components such as Glucose, Proteins, Amino Acids, Fats, Urea and Hormones and Inorganic Components such as Sodium Chloride and Sodium Bicarbonate

0.5% of White Blood Cells, Large, Indistinctly Lobed Nucleus

25% of White Blood Cells, Large Spherical Nucleus

25% of White Blood Cells, Large Horse-Shaped Nucleus, Largest White Blood Cell

Minute, Colourless, Smaller Megakaryocyte Cytoplasm Cell Fragments, Does not Have a Nucleus, 200,000 to 400,000 per Cubic mm of Blood, Lives for 3-7 days, Helps in Blood Clotting by Collecting at the Wound Site to Block the Blood Flow

a Red, Iron-Containing Protein which Binds with Oxygen and Travels in the Blood to Reach Cells and Unbind to Be Used for Respiration

Blood Transfer from a Donor to a Recipient, in which the Two Bloods Should Match, if Unsatisfied Blood Cells Clump Together, Blocking Blood Vessels, Causing Serious Consequences or Death, Caused by the Reaction between the Antigens of the Donor's Blood and the Antibodies of the Recipient's Blood

Surface Markers Found on their Surface, Consists of Proteins and Sugars

Protein Produced to Respond and Counteract to a Specific Antigen

Has Antigen A, Can Donate to A and AB, Can Receive from A and O

Has Antigen B, Can Donate to B and AB, Can Receive from B and O

Has Antigen AB, Can Donate to AB, Can Receive from A, B and O

Has no Antigens, Can Donate to A, B and AB, Can Receive from O

85% of People, Can Donate to Rh+, Can Receive from Rh+ and Rh-

15% of People, Can Donate to Rh+, Can Receive from Rh-

Small Globular Masses Drained into from Lymph Vessels and Out Lymph Vessels Arise

Slightly Yellowish Tissue Fluid Made up of Plasma and Leukocytes Filtered out from Blood, Composed of Less Proteins and More Lymphocytes, Help Fight Infections and Diseases

Minute Channels in which Lymph is Collected or Returned to a Vein

Pressure Produced in Ventricles When they Contract and Pump Blood into the Aorta and Pulmonary Artery, Equivalent to the Pressure Exerted by a 120mm Thick Mercury Column

Pressure Produced in the Ventricles when they Get Filled with Blood From the Atria, Equivalent to the Pressure Exerted by a 80mm Thick Mercury Column

As the Water Concentration in the Soil is Higher than in the Root Hairs, the Water Flows inside the Root Hairs through the Cell Membrane

As the Mineral Concentration in the Root Hairs is Higher than in the Soil, the Minerals are Absorbed from the Soil into the Root Hairs with the Energy Expenditure

As the Water is Lost from Transpiration, a Suction Force, Called a Transpirational Pull, is Created to Pull Water From the Root Xylem and Reduce Water in the Roots for More Osmosis

As the Cortical Cells Become Turgid from the Accumulated Water in the Root Cortex, the Water is Pushed into the Xylem Vessels in the Upward Direction

Sap Upward Movement that Contains Water and Minerals from the Root Xylem to the Stem and Leaves

Food Prepared in the Leaves is Translocated to Different Parts by the Phloem, a Sieve Tube System Placed One Above the Other to Form Long Tubes Upwards and Downwards

Finest, One-Celled Thick Walled Blood Vessels which Connect Arteries with Veins, Oxygen and Nutrients from the Blood Diffuse through this to Reach the Cells, Form the Veins

Carries Oxygenated Blood from the Left Ventricle of the Heart to the Body

Carries Deoxygenated Blood to the Right Atrium of the Heart from the Anterior Part of the Body

Carries Deoxygenated Blood to the Right Atrium of the Heart from the Posterior Part of the Body

a Double-Walled Protective Sac that Encloses the Heart, Consists of the Pericardial Fluid, Protects the Heart and Lubricates its Movement

Receives and Gives Oxygenated Blood, Contains the Bicuspid Valve which Allows the Blood Flow

Receives and Gives Deoxygenated Blood, Contains the Tricuspid Valve which Prevents the Blood Backflow

Carries Deoxygenated Blood from the Right Ventricle of the Heart to the Lungs

Carries Deoxygenated Blood from the Lungs to the Left Atrium of the Heart

a Part of the Stem with a Bud is Cut and Placed in Moist Soil For Roots to Develop at the Lower End of the Stem and Leaves at the Upper End for a Complete Plant to Develop

a Lower Branch of a Plant is Bent Down Touching the Soil and is Covered with it, Roots Develop and the Branch is Cut to Be Grown as a New Plant

a Stem (Scion) and Root (Stock) Portion are Each Cut Obliquely and are Tied Together, Joining Together From the Rapid Division of Cells

a Cut Shoot Tip are Divided and Placed into a Nutrient Rich and Germ-Free Environment, Growing into an Unorganized Mass Called Callus, which is then Transferred into a Nutrient Medium with Growth Hormones, and Grows Roots and Shoots to Become a New Plantlet

Single Parent, No Gamete Fusion, Features from only Parent

Small Structures that Each Contain Two Male Gametes

Long, Tube-Like Structure, Extended From the Stigma, Ends in the Ovary

Carries Blood from the Right Auricle to the Pulmonary Artery

Carries Blood from the Left Auricle to the Aorta

Carries Blood from the Pulmonary Vein to the Right Ventricle

Carries Blood from the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava to the Right Ventricle

Swollen Basal Portion, Contains One or More Ovules, Forms the Fruit, Connected to the Style

Contain the Male Whorl But Lack the Female Whorl

Contain the Female Whorl But Lack the Male Whorl

Unscented, Has Dully Coloured Petals, Stamens Outside Flower, Light, Small, Smooth Pollen Grains

Scented, Has Brightly Coloured Petals, Stamens Inside Flower, Large, Heavy, Spiky or Sticky Pollen Grains

Pollen Grains are Transferred from the Anther to the Stigma of the Different Flower of a Different Plant of the Same Species

Pollen Grains are Transferred from the Anther to the Stigma of the Same Flower or a Different Flower on the Same Plant

From the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava, to the Right Atrium, to the Right Ventricle, to the Pulmonary Artery to the Lungs for Oxygenation, to the Pulmonary Vein, to the Left Atrium, to the Left Ventricle, to the Aorta, to the Body Parts for Deoxygenation and Back to the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

Ripened Ovary, Contains One or More Seeds, Protects Seed from Insects, Diseases and Harsh Climatic Conditions

Ripened Ovule, Protected by a Seed Coat, the Ripened Ovule Walls, Contains the Embryo and in Endospermic Seeds, the Endosperm

Pollen Grains Land on the Stigma to Germinate Pollen Tubes, Long Tubes that Grow through the Style and Reach the Ovary, Entering the Ovule, from which One Male Gamete Fuses with the Egg Cell to Form the Zygote, which then then Forms Embryo, and Another Fuses with the Secondary Nucleus to Form the Endospermic Nucleus, which then Forms the Endosperm

Lower End of Embryonal Axis, Forms Root System

Small Leafy Structure, Upper End of Embryonal Axis Forms Shoot System

Contains Two Cotyledons, Food Stored in Cotyledons

Contains One Cotyledon, Food Stored in Endosperm

Seeds are Light and Small with Wings or Feather-Like Apparatus

Seeds Have Sticky Surfaces or Hooks to Stick to Animal's Bodies to be Carried Off

Seed Swells Up Due to Water Absorption, Causing the Seed Coat to Become Soft Burst, from which the Radicle Grows Downwards to Give Rise to the Primary Root and the Plumule Grows Upwards to Give Rise to the Shoot, Forming the First Leaf

Cotyledons are Pushed Above the Ground, Cotyledons Become Green and Photosynthetic

the Message, Called an Impulse, is Transmitted through a Gap, Called a Synapse, from the Axon Terminal of One Neuron to the Dendrites of Another Neuron which Reach its Axon Terminal to Have the Impulse Be Transmitted to the Dendrites of Another Neuron, a Muscle or a Gland

Carry Impulses from the Sense Organs to the Spinal Cord or Brain

Carry Impulses from the Spinal Cord or Brain to the Muscles and Glands

Carry Impulses from One Neuron to Another

Emerge from the Brain and Keep it Informed about the Head Region, Twelve Pairs of these Nerves

Emerge from the Spinal Cord and Reach Various Organs of the Body, Thirty One Pairs of these Nerves

Prepares the Body to Face Emergency Situations

Re-Establishes Normal Conditions Once the Emergency is Over

When a Stimulus is Detected, An Impulse is Generated and Carried through Sensory Neurons to the Spinal Cord by a Receptor of the Sense Organ and the Impulse is Passed on to Motor Neurons through Association Neurons, Causing the Effector Organ to React

Convoluted with Ridges and Grooves on the Surface to Increase Surface Area to Accommodates More Neurons, Divided Longitudinally by a Deep Furrow into the Left and Right Hemispheres, Consists of Grey Matter, the Outer Region Made of Greyish Neurons, and White Matter, the Inner Region Made of Whitish Neurons, it is Involved in the Functions of Intelligence, Consciousness, Memory, Will Power, Motor Functions and Sensory Processing

Has Furrows and Grooves, Has Grey and White Matter, Coordinates Muscular Activities and Maintains Balance in Body

Connects the Cerebrum with the Spinal Cord, Consists of the Midbrain, Medulla Oblongata and Pons, Motor and Sensory Neurons Travel through the Brainstem to Allow for the Exchange of Signals between the Brain and Spinal Cord, Helps in Cardiovascular Control, Respiratory Control, Alertness, Awareness, Pain Sensitivity and Consciousness

Extension of the Medulla Oblongata, Long Cord-like Structure at the Back, Centrally Located and Well Protected by the Vertebral Column, Enveloped by the Same Three Meninges as the Brain and Contain Cerebrospinal Fluid Between them, the Grey Matter is on the Inside and the White Matter Lies on the Outside, Is the Central for Reflex Actions

Stimulates the Thyroid Gland to Produce Thyroxine

Stimulates the Growth of Ovaries and Testes at Puberty and Helps them to Produce Gametes

Causes the Contraction of Uterine Muscles at the Time of Child Birth and Helps in the Expulsion of Milk from the Breasts

Excessive Secretion of Thyroxine, Causes a High of Metabolism

Decrease in the Secretion of Thyroxine, Causes a Sleepiness, Sluggishness, Increase in Weight, and Goitre, the Swelling of the Thyroid Gland

Over-secretion Leads to Extra Deposition of Calcium in the Bones, Making them Thick and Brittle

Deficiency Leads to the Depletion of Calcium and Phosphorus in the Teeth and Bones, Making them Soft

Converts Glycogen Back into Glucose in the Liver to Increase the Level of Sugar in the Blood :

Non-Secretion or Under-Secretion of Insulin Due to the Malfunction of the Pancreas, Causes there to Be Excess Glucose in the Blood, if this Persists, Diabetes Mellitus Occurs

Over-Secretion of Insulin Causes there to Be Low Blood Sugar

Prepares the Body to Meet Any Emergency Situation, Increases Heartbeat, Blood Pressure and the Supply of the Blood to the Muscles

Help in Ovulation, Preparation of the Uterus for Implantation, Development of the Foetus and the Development of the Secondary Sexual Characters in Females

Produce Sperm, Stimulates the Development of Secondary Sexual Male Characters

Transparent Front Part of the Cornea, Protectively Covered by a Conjunctiva

Part of Choroid Around Pupil, Contains Radial and Circular Muscles which Upon Contraction Widen or Constrict the Pupil

Innermost Layer Sensitive to Light, Contains Rod Cells, which are Receptors of Vision in Dim Light, and Cone Cells, which are Receptors of Vision in Strong Light and for Coloured Vision, Image Formed Here,

A Clear, Flexible, Transparent Biconvex Lens, behind the Pupil and Iris, Held in Position by Suspensory Ligaments of the Ciliary Body, Divides the Inner Cavity of the Eyeball into Two Chambers

Keeps Lens Moist and Protects it from Physical Shock

a Transparent Jelly-like Substance that Helps Maintain the Shape of the Eyeball and Protects the Retina

Light Rays Strike an Object, Get Reflected and Fall on the Cornea, Passing through the Pupil and Lens, and the Muscles Attached to the Lens Control its Focal Length so that it Focuses Light from Near or Far Objects on to the Retina to Form an Image and the Rods and Cones Converts the Image into an Impulse and Sends it through the Optic Nerve, Made of Sensory Neurons, to the Brain which Interprets the Impulse and Enables Us to See an Object

the Earlobe/ Pinna Collects Sound Waves which Travel Inwards to a Tympanic Membrane/ Eardrum through the Auditory Canal,

Contains Tiny Bones - the Ear Ossicles, which Consist of the Hammer (Malleus), Anvil (Incus) and Stirrup (Stapes), the Handle of the Hammer Bone is Attached to the Inner Surface of the Eardrum and the Anvil, which is Connected to the Stirrup

In Two Parts - Cochlea and Semicircular Canals -the Cochlea is a Spiral-Shaped Tube of Two and a Half Turns Filled with a Fluid and Contains Hair-like Structures - Sensory Cells - which Hear Sounds and are Interpreted in the Hearing Centre of the Cerebrum; there are Three Semicircular Canals Arranged at Right Angles to Each Other, which Contains Fluids that Helps Maintain the Balance of the Body

Olfactory Receptors - Receptors for Smell - are Present within a Small Patch in the Upper Portion of the Nasal Cavity which Sends Impulses to the Cerebrum through the Olfactory Nerves

Senses Taste with Taste Buds, a Group of Sensory Cells that Have Nerve Fibres Extending from their Bases, which Forms the Taste Nerve that Carries Impulses to the Taste Area of the Brain

Inner, Thick, Strong and Flexible Layer Made up of Connective Tissue and Contains Blood Vessels, Nerve Fibres, Sensory Receptors, Hair Follicles, Sweat Glands and Oil Glands, Nerve Endings Relay Messages Between the Skin and the Brain, the Touch and Pressure Receptors are Concerned with the Sensation of Touch, Pain, Temperature and Pressure, Hair Follicles Enclose the Roots of Hair, Sweat Glands are Simple Coiled Tubes which Help to Keep the Body Cool by Giving off Moisture in the Form of Sweat, Oil/ Sebaceous Glands Secrete the Oil Sebum which Makes Hair and the Outer Surface of the Skin Oily and Waterproof to Prevent the Loss of Water Via Evaporation

Outer Layer of the Skin, Made of Epithelial Tissues, Devoid of Blood Vessels, Innermost Layer Contains a Brown Pigment Called Melanin, which Determines the Colour of the Skin and Protects the Inner Parts of the Body from the Harmful Effects of the Ultraviolet Rays of the Sun, Outermost Layer Consists of Dead Cells