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Rise of British Power in Bengal - Coggle Diagram
Rise of British Power in Bengal
Battle of Plassey:
Results:
Company was granted undisputed right to free trade in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa,
Mir Jafar paid the Company over 300 lakh rupees
Company was given the zamindari of 24 Parganas
Importance
puppet nawab of Bengal in hands of British, resources of Bengal at disposal of British which helped them to win Third Camatic War and finance military expeditions
major turning point, paved way for establishment of British rule, transformed trading company into political power
Mir Jafar was weak ruler and no real power, British drained the wealth openly and shamelessly plundered Bengal
Mir Jafar’s son-in-law Mir Qasim was made the new nawab in 1760, he rewarded the Company by granting it the Zamindar of Burdwan, Midnapur, Chittagong, company had successfully transformed itself into kingmakers.
Battle of Plassey:
major under Mir Jalar did not take part, Realized had been betrayed, nawab, captured, put to death. Mir Jat = the nawab of Bengal
Robert Clive led British forces to Plassey (near Murshidabad, capital of nawab of Bengal) Siraj at head of army of 50000 men fought on 23 June 1757
Battle of Buxar
Importance:
Robert Clive returned to India as Governor of Bengal
victory of the British in Buxar established them as masters of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, gave them political influence and control over Awadh and Mughal emperor
laid the foundation of British rule in India
Battle of Buxar
Mir Qasim = competent efficient ruler, determined to free himself from foreign control came into conflict with the British, improved financial position of Bengal, raised modern disciplined well-equipped army trained by Europeans, made the British hostile,
Mir Jafar was on the throne, Mir Qasim was determined to recover throne, escaped to Awadh formed alliance with Shuja-ud-Daulah, nawab of Awadh and Mughal emperor, Shah Alam II, combined forces clashed with the Company at Buxar in 1764 and defeated by the British
Company misused trade privileges (sold duty free trade permits to Indian merchants which deprived nawab of large revenues, was unfair to local merchants)
Mir Qasim abolished all duties on intenal trade which made the British furious and refused to accept an equal status with Indian merchants, 1763, war between Mir Qasim and the British, nawab was defeated.
Dual Government
In Bengal
Clive introduced Dual Government in Bengal 1765
two masters:
nawab
(general administration, maintenance of law and order and justice, burdened with responsibility without power) and
Company
(military power and right to collect and use revenue of Bengal, enjoyed power without responsibilities), revenue was collected by Indian officials appointed by Company
greed corruption and oppression of officials reduced peasants to conditions of misery, Company took no interest in welfare of people, conditions worsened when Bengal had famine (one third population perished). evils of Dual Government began to manifest themselves, administration and economy collapsed,
1772 Court of Directors of Company appointed Warren Hastings as Governor of Bengal in 1773 by the Regulating Act and he became most important functionary of the East India Company
End
Warren Hastings abolished Dual Government, Bengal was brought under the direct and complete control of the Company.
Hastings was a administrator, introduced many reforms in administration and laid foundations of an organized system of government in Bengal
The treasury was shifted from Murshidabad to Calcutta, which now became the capital of Bengal, and later, of India.
The nawab was deposed and pensioned off.
The Treaty of Allahabad
Treaty
In 1765, Clive signed Treaty of Allahabad with Shuja-ud-Daulah and Shah Alam II.
English East India Company became the real ruler of Bengal from 1765.
Conditions
Awadh was returned to Shuja ud-Daulah.
nawab of Awadh had to pay war indemnity of 50 lakh rupees to Company, British defends the nawab of Awadh against his enemies, cost of troops by nawab, Awadh = buffer state between British in Bengal and Marathas
Kora + Allahabad + 26 lakh rupees annual pension to Shah Alam II (nominal Mughal empire head) who granted Company Diwani of B B O (right to collect revenue from here and judge civil cases)
Company had legal control over Bengal, puppet nawabs had no powers.
Mir Jafar's death in 1765, son was made the nawab of Bengal, had to sign treaty with Clive (had to disband most army + transfer Nizamat powers of general administration and criminal justice to deputy nawab appointed by British who could not be dismissed + nawab was given allowance of 53 lakh rupees)