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KINGDOM PLANTAE - Coggle Diagram
KINGDOM PLANTAE
4 MAIN GROUPS OF KINGDOM PLANTAE
3) GYMNOSPERMS
CHARACTERISTICS OF GYMNOSPERMS
Do not produce flowers and fruits
Are pollinated by the wind
Do not have an outer covering/shell around their seeds (naked seed)
Sporophyte
dominant
CLASSIFICATION OF GYMNOSPERMS
PHYLUM CYCADOPHYTA
Short woody stems, which has a large pith, a thin vascular cylinder and a thick cortex
DIOECIOUS
: Have separate male and female trees
Palm like leaves which are tough and leathery
Eg :
Cycas
sp.
PHYLUM GINGKOPHYTA
Distinctive fan-shaped leaves
DIOECIOUS
Deciduous trees
: leaves turn and drop in the fall)
Branches with numerous spur shoots (bearing the
reproductive structures
)
Eg : Ginkgo biloba
PHYLUM CONIFEROPHYTA
Needle shaped leaves
HETEROSPOROUS
: Male cones give rise to
microspores
and female cones give rise to
megaspores
Largest division of gymnosperms
Eg : Conifers, pines, firs, junipers, redwoods
MONOECIOUS
: Single plant has both male and female flowers
PHYLUM GNETOPHYTA
Reproductive organ : flower-like strobili
MONOECIOUS & DIOECIOUS
Broad leaves
Eg :
Gnetum
sp.
1) PTERIDOPHYTES
CHARACTERISTICS OF PTERIDOPHYTES
HABITAT
: Most common in damp places
Have
simple, lignified vascular tissues
(to transfer water & nutrients and to provide mechanical support)
Seedless
DOMINANT GENERATION
:
SPOROPHYTE
Matured sporophyte
is not dependent on gametophyte for nutrition
because it can carry out photosynthesis
Fertilization is
fully dependent on watery medium
as the flagellated sperm cells must swim to reach egg cell
CLASSIFICATION OF PTERIDOPHYTES
1) PHYLUM LYCOPODOPHYTA
Microphyllous
(Poorly developed leaves)
Eg : Club Mosses
(Lycopodium sp.)
Homosporous
: Has only 1 type of sporangium that produces only 1 type of spore
Vascular system is simpler
--xylem consists of only tracheids
2)PHYLUM PTERIDOPHYTA
Vascular system is more complex
-- xylem with tracheid & vessel elements
Eg : Ferns
Dryopteris
sp.
Homosporous
Megaphylls
: large-leafed
4) ANGIOSPERMS
CLASSES OF ANGIOSPERMS
MONOCOTYLEDONAE
Veins in leaf are
parallel
Fibrous root system
(adventitious roots from the base of stem)
Vascular bundles distributed throughout the stem
Eg : Maize, Bamboo
DICOTYLEDONAE
Veins in leaf are
net-like
(
reticulate
)
Tap root system
(Lateral roots develop from a primary root)
Vascular bundle arranged in circles
Eg : Roses, Magnolias (Garden Plants)
CHARACTERISTICS
Heterosporous
Dominant generation is
Sporophyte
Undergoes double fertilization
Sexual reproductive structure is
flower
2) BRYOPHYTES
CLASSIFICATION OF BRYOPHYTES
2) PHYLUM BRYOPHYTA
Eg :
Polytricum
sp.
3) PHYLUM ANTHOCEROPHYTA
Eg :
Anthoceros
sp.
1) PHYLUM HEPATOPHYTA
Eg :
Marchantia
sp.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BRYOPHYTES
Have simple stems, leaves and
do not produce flowers and fruits
Require water
to reproduce as their
flagellated sperm
must
swim from antheridium to archegonium
to fertilize the ovum
True roots
and
vascular tissues
are
absent
Live in damp shady places
Gametophyte
is dominant
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTAE
MAJOR COMPONENT OF CELL WALL
: Cellulose
FOOD STORAGE
: Starch
MODE OF NUTRITION
:
Autotroph
(Contains photosynthetic pigments, Chlorophylls a and b, carotenes, xantophylls)
REPRODUCTION
: Sexual/Asexual
Life cycle shows
Alternation of Generations
where organisms spend part of their lives in a multicellular haploid (n) generation and part in multicellular diploid (2n)
HAPLOID GENERATION
:
GAMETOPHYTE
-Gives rise to haploid male and female gametes
DIPLOID GENERATION
:
SPOROPHYTE
-Gives rise to spores
CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTAE
VASCULAR
SEEDLESS
PTERIDOPHYTES
PHYLUM LYCOPHYTA
PHYLUM PTEROPHYTA
SEED
GYMNOSPERMS
PHYLUM CONIFEROPHYTA
PHYLUM GINKGOPHYTA
PHYLUM CYCADOPHYTA
PHYLUM GNETOPHYTA
ANGIOSPERMS
CLASS DICOTYLEDONAE
CLASS MONOCOTYLEDONAE
NON-VASCULAR
BRYOPHYTES
PHYLUM HEPATOPHYTA
PHYLUM ANTHOCEROPHYTA
PHYLUM BRYOPHYTA
