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NATURE OF GEOGRAPHY AS A DISCIPLINE, Land_ocean_ice_cloud_1024, magnetic…
NATURE OF GEOGRAPHY AS A DISCIPLINE
GEOGRAPHY IN DAILY LIFE
Geography
is one of the oldest earth science and its roots date back in the works of the early Greek scholars.
as a study of the earth’s surface.
is the science related to nature and it studies and describes all material things found on earth.
as the study of man-environment relationships.
The earth´s surface is changing
because of the continuous interaction
between
the enviroment in
which we live in
the way we use it.
The two distinct traditions followed by Greeks
The mathmatical tradition
focused on fixing the location of places
on the earth’s surface
The other one
Consist on gathering geographic information through
travels and field work
DEVELOPMENT OF GEOGRAPHY
Ancient Period
Great interests of scholars in understanding the physical domain of the earth
by making maps and astronomical measurements.
are given the credit of being the earliest geographers,
Hower
Herodotus
Thales
Aristotle
Eratosthenes.
Pre-Modern Period
Middle of 15th century and continuous with 18th early
enormous information about the physical and cultural nature of the world
by the travels and explorations of early gergrophers.
new scientific geography.
Christopher
Columbus
Vasco de gama
Geographers contributed in the development of
Cartography
Discovering new lands
developing geography into a scientific
disciplines.
Modern Period
Latter half of nineteenth century
considered as a period of modern
geography
first modern geographer
Ratzel
who built the structure of modren geography on the foundations laid down by classical geographers.
Recent Period
The development of geography during the post Second World War period has
been very rapid.
American and European geographers
contributed the maximum during this phase.
The present day geographers look
upon
regional approach and systematic aproach
as complimentary rather than
contradictory
SCOPE OF GEOGRAPHY
Geography
Has now acquired the status of science that explains the arrangements of
various natural and cultural features on the earth surface.
is a holistic and interdisciplinary field of study engaged in understanding the changing spatial
structure
from past to the future.
Scope of geography is in various
disciplines
armed services
environment management
water resources
disaster
management
meterology
planining
social sciences
A geographer can help in day to day life like
tourism
commuting
housing
health related activities.
APPROACHES TO STUDY OF GEOGRAPHY
There are two main approaches in geography
Systematic Approach
A study of specific natural or human phenomenon that gives rise to certain spatial patterns and structures on the earth surface
Physical geography,
It deals earth systems
Biogeography, including environmental geography,
It focusses on various kinds of forests, grasslands, distribution of flora and fauna, human nature relationships
The quality of the living environment
and its implications for human welfare.
Human geography,
It describes culture, populations, dynamics of social, economic, and political aspects of space.
Geographical methods and techniques
It deals with methods and techniques for field studies
qualitative quantitative
and cartographic analysis
Geographic Information System and Global
positioning system (GIS and GPS) and remote sensing.
Regional Approach
starts with the spatial imprints of one or all the systematic geographic processes discernible as regions of different sizes
Regions could be based on a single factor like relief, rainfall, vegetation, per capita income.
They could also be multificator regions
The main sub branches of regional geography are
Regional studies
Regional analysis
Regional development
Regional planning including areas and community planning.
GEOGRAPHY AS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY SUBJECT
Geography has its strong relation with
mathematices
natural sciences
social
sciences
other sciences deal with distinctive types of phenomena
geography
studies several kinds of phenomena
each already studied by another science
has firmly established itself as
discipline of
systhesis.
BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY
Variable phenomena on the earth’s surface can be treated seperatehy or in association
Geography
three main branches
Physical Geography
concerned with the study and explanation of physical
phenamena
sub-branches
Astronomical Geography
studies the celestial phenomena which concern
the Earth’s surface
Geomorphology
study of the landforms on the
Earth’s surface
Climatology
study of the atmospheric conditions and
related climatic and weather phenomena.
Oceanography
the study of various types of Oceanic
formate component and processes related to ocean
Soil Geography
studies various soil forming processes, their
physicol,chemical and biological constituents
Bio-geography
concerned with the biological phenomena in space :
1 more item...
Human Geography
synthetic study of the relationship between human societies and the earth’s surface
Anthropogeography
racial phenomena
Cultural geography
origin, components and impact of
human culturs
Economic geeography
the location and distribution of economic activities at the local, regional, national and world scale.
Political geography
political phenomena
Historical geography
Spatial and temporal trends
Social geography
social phenomena
Population geography
various dimensions of population
Settlement geography
Rural/Urban settlements
Regional Geography
Aspects such as delineation of regions, their geographical characteristics and
processes of change
GEOGRAPHY AND SOCIETY
Geographical thinking and concepts affect our daily decisions in a number of way
it is important to understand the
physical structure
climatic
conditions
availabilities of resources
Distribution of relief is functional and related to the needs of people
according to climate or terrain
METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF GEOGRAPHY
Cartography
the study and practice of
making maps and diagrams
It represents the earth with maps and abstract symbols
has grown from a collection of drafting techniquies into an actual science
Cartographers
must understand which symbols convey information about the Earth most effectively
make such maps that will encourage everyone to
use the maps to find places or use it for their daily work
must learn geodesy and fairly adavnced mathematics to understand how the shape of the Earth affects the distortion of map symbols projected onto a flat surface for viewing.
Quantitative methods in Geography
deal with numerical methods most
commonly found in geography
In addition to spatial analysis, you are likely to find methods like
cluster analysis
discrimnant analysis
Regional science method
1950s
Walter Isard
provided a more quantitative and analytical base to geographical questions
contrast to the more qualitative tendencies of traditional geograph
Regional science
comprises the body of knowledge
Tany Marzuca 15/01/21
