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Laura, Screen Shot 2021-01-15 at 11.18.30 AM, Screen Shot 2021-01-14 at 8…
Laura
HbA1c Testing
Elevated HbA1c
Increased risk for coronary heart disease (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, et al., 2019).
Increased risk for stroke (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, et al., 2019).
Normal Ranges
Glucose levels should be between 4-7 mmol/L (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, et al., 2019).
Reduces risks for complications (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, et al., 2019).
Indicates glycemic control over a 2-3 month period (Lewis, S. L., Dirksen, S. R., Heitkemper, M. M., Bucher, L., & Camera, I. M, 2019).
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
This diabetic complication arises when the body produces increased levels of ketones in the blood. The body is not able to produce insulin in response to elevated acid levels (mayo Clinic, 2021).
Causes
Illness/infection: the body produces hormones, such as adrenaline or cortisol in response to infection, however these hormones counteract the effect of insulin leading to DKA (mayo Clinic, 2021).
Insulin therapy: DKA can result when insulin is not taken, when a dose inadequate or if the insulin pump is malfunctioning (mayo Clinic, 2021).
Exercise
Complications associated with reduced physical activity
Heart disease (Diabetes Canada, 2021)..
Stroke (Diabetes Canada, 2021).
Improved conditions with regular physical activity
Blood sugar (Diabetes Canada, 2021).
Blood fats (Diabetes Canada, 2021).
Blood pressure (Diabetes Canada, 2021).
Alcohol Use
Safe Use
Monitoring Drink Concentration
142 mL/5 fluid ounces of wine (Schwartz, 2021).
43 mL/1.5 fluid ounces of spirits (Schwartz, 2021).
341 mL/12 fluid ounces of beer (Schwartz, 2021).
Can you drink with diabetes? Yes, in moderation and in accordance with insulin and/or medication use (Schwartz, 2021).
Excessive Use
Blood glucose control can be more difficult (Ministry of Health Ministry of Long-Term Care, 2009)
Delayed hypoglycemia (Ministry of Health Ministry of Long-Term Care, 2009)
When an insulin dose is missed a high blood glucose, ketones and DKA could occur (Ministry of Health Ministry of Long-Term Care, 2009).
