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Compounds and Elements:, Chemical Reactions - Coggle Diagram
Compounds and Elements:
Acids
Acids compounds start with H (Ex: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3)
Poly atomic ions:
Sulfate = (SO4)-2, Sulfite = (SO3)-2, Nitrate = (NO3)-1, Carbonate = (CO3)-2 Hydroxide= OH-1, Ammonium = (NH4)+, Phosphate = (PO4)-3
Prefixes are used for molecular compounds (nonmetal+nonmetal)
...
"ide" suffix is used for both types of compounds, except for when there is a polyatomic ion
SCl2
Sulfur Dichloride
EX
O2F2
Dioxygen Difluoride
Mono, Di, Tri, Tetra, Penta, Hexa, Hepta, Octa, Nona, Deca
Ionic Compounds
Metal + Nonmetal/ Metal+polyatomic ion/ Polyatomic ion+ nonmetal
Ex: NaCl, CaSO4
Electrons are transferred
Molecular/ Covalent Compounds
Nonmetal+nonmetal
Shared Ions create molecules
Ex: H20
electrons are shared
Cations vs anions:
Cations:
positively charged elements which are losing electrons( ex. x^+2)
Anions:
negatively charged elements which are gaining electrons to become stabilized( ex. y^-2)
Organic Compounds
Anything with Carbon and Hydrogen is an organic compound
Hydrocarbon = CH4
Forming an Ionic Compound
EX:
Cation: Ca2+
Anion: O2-
Formula: CaO
In this instance the 2 and -2 cancel out
Name:
Calcium Oxide
Decomposing an Ionic Compound
EX:
CuCl2
Cation: Cu2
Anion: Cl-1
Name:
Copper Chloride
Transition metals: write the roman numeral after the name from the valence electron charge
Chemical Reactions
Balancing Chemical Reactions
A chemical reaction must be balanced to be complete
For example:
ZnS (aq) + ... HCl (aq)->...ZnCl2 (aq) + ...H2S (g)
To balance this reaction, you would need to add a 2 in front of HCl. That 2 would then be applicable to both H and Cl giving H2 and Cl2
Do's and Don'ts
You
can
add numbers in front of elements and compounds to balance reactions
You
can't
add numbers in between compounds or after elements
You also
cannot
remove numbers in between or after compounds
In an equation you might see : (aq) (g) (s) (l)
(aq): Liquid dissolved in a solid
(g): Gas
(s): Solid
(l): Liquid
Law of Conservation of Mass:
The mass of the reactants and products are equal
5 types of chemical reactions
Synthesis/Combination (S):
When you have two reactants and one product. A+B= AB
Single Replacement (SR):
When one element replaces another element in one compound. (ex. A + BC → B + AC)
Double Replacement (DR)
: Two ionic compounds make two new compounds.
Combustion (C):
When you have one organic reactant and Oxygen burning to produce... CO2 + H2O
Decomposition (D)
: One reactant makes two products. AB=A+B
(The opposite of synthesis)