High Middle Ages
Agricultural Advancement
Revival of Trade
Growth of Towns
Monarchies
Strategy
Impact
Technology
Watermills and Windmills
Clearing land
Three-field rotation system
Allowed peasant to have a surplus of crops
Silk Road extension
Need for transportation of goods and people
Crusades created new trade connections
Crusaders were a religious campaign promoted by the church to remove Muslims from Israel
Trade fairs
Commerce naturally grew and cities began to form
Foreign goods
Local goods
Peasants could trade their surplus in hopes of getting off the manor
Creates local businesses and begins the formation of towns
Feudal Monarchies
English Monarchs
French Monarchs
Holy Roman Monarchs
As towns grew, townspeople desired a strong monarch to rule over them
Beginning of feudal monarchies
Alfred the Great
William of Normandy
Henry II
John
Edward I
Drove out the Danes (Vikings)
Established a strong monarchy
Created an english navy
Created a system of local government
Emphasized education
Made himself king by military conquest
Introduced feudalism to england
Established a strong government structure
Asserted his power over the church
Created a record of his subjects and taxed them
Created a strong royal court system
Employed traveling judges
Wrote a list of english laws (Common Law)
Strengthened his power over the church
Faced great internal and external conflict
Become wealthy from very high taxes
Signed the Magna Carta
Gave the English basic rights
Placed limits on the King’s power
Extended english territory
Created the English parliament
Included representatives from all social classes
Responsible for approving taxes, passing laws, and other judicial business
Philip II
Louis IX
Hugh Capet
Philip IV
Extended french territory
Created a strong and powerful government
Made strong alliances with the church
Grew the wealth of the government
Extended french territory significantly
Defeated the english and took the lands they held in France
Employed royal officials to rule over france
Collected taxes, protected the rights of the people, administered justice, and reinforced the king’s authority
Emphasized protection for all citizens
Created a supreme court
Employed men to investigate government corruption
Expanded the monarchy’s power
Created extremely high taxes
Taxed the clergy
Fought with the pope over taxes
Created the Estates-General
Made of frenchmen from all classes
Gave advice to the king
Henry IV
Frederick
Otto I
Used the support of church to extend his power
Defeated the Magyars
Conquered Italy and was crowned emperor by the pope
Made the Holy Roman Empire the most powerful state in Europe
Rebounded after military defeat by the pope
Crushed and internal rebellion
Invaded Italy and seized Rome
Installed a new pope
Conquered significant lands in Italy
Almost united Germany and Italy