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Protein Synthesis, The process where genetic instructions are transferred…
Protein Synthesis
The process where genetic instructions are transferred from DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA).
A strand of mRNA is made to complement a strand of DNA.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Transcription
1st Step: Initiation
Enzyme RNA polymerase and a promoter (a region of a gene) binds together.
The DNA unwinds so the enzyme can read the bases in one of the DNA strands.
This will initiate producing a strand of mRNA with a complementary sequence of bases.
2nd Step: Elongation
Nucleotides are added to the mRNA strand.
3rd Step: Termination
The mRNA detaches to the DNA when transcription is done.
Nucleotides
are the basic building blocks of nucleic acids, they are made out of sugar molecules attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen base.
Processing mRNA
Splicing
This process removes the introns from mRNA.
Introns
are regions that do not code for the protein.
The rest of the region that do code for the protein are called
exons
.
Editing
It changes some nucleotides in the mRNA.
Polyadenylation
The mRNA is added with an Adenine base tail that signals the end of the mRNA.
Translation
The mRNA moves to a ribosome that consists of rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and proteins.
The ribosome reads the sequence of codons in the mRNA.
tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome to their corresponding sequences. The chain will keep growing until a stop codon is reached.
Protein
The process where mRNA is now being read to make a protein.
Source:
https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-college-human-biology-flexbook-2.0/section/5.6/primary/lesson/protein-synthesis-chumbio
Joeden Paul Ramos | III-26 BSCIE BIOLOGY
The matured mRNA leaves the nucleus.
Premature mRNA is produced.