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Psychopathology - Coggle Diagram
Psychopathology
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Mental Disorders
Phobias
Emotional: Excessive fear, anxiety and/or panic cued by a specific object or situation
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Behavioural: Avoidance, faint or freeze
Depression
Emotional: Negative emotions - sadness, loss of interest and sometimes anger
Behavioural: Reduced or increased activity related to energy levels, sleep and/or eating
Cognitive: Irrational, negative thoughts and self-beliefs that are self-fulfilling
OCD
Emotional: Anxiety and distress, and awareness that is excessive
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Cognitive: Recurrent, intrusive, uncontrollable thoughts
Behavioural Approach
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Treating Phobias
Systematic Desensitisation - Counterconditioning, reciprocal inhibition, relaxation, desensitisation hierarchy
Cognitive Approach
Explaining Depression
Ellis' ABC Model (1962) - Activating event leads to rational or irrational belief, which then leads to consequences.
Mustabatory thinking causes disappointment and depression
Beck's Negative Triad (1967) - Negative schema develops in childhood and leads to cognitive biases.
Negative triad is irrational and negative view of self, the world and the future
Treating Depression
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is based off Ellis' ABCDEF model, D is for disputing irrational beliefs, e.g. logical, empirical, pragmatic.
Biological Approach
Explaining OCD
Genetic Explanations
COMPT gene - One allele more common in OCD, creates high levels of dopamine
SERT gene - One allele more common in a family with OCD, creates low levels of serotonin
Diathesis-Stress - Same genes linked to other disorders or no disorders at all, therefore genes create vulnerability
Neural Explanations
Dopamine levels high in OCD
Serotonin levels low in OCD
Worry Circuit - damaged caudate nucleus
Serotonin and Dopamine linked to activity in parts of the frontal lobe
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