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Chapter 1
Introduction to Quality Decision Making, Descriptive
Do what…
-
Descriptive
- Do what the name implies; namely, describe reality and actions as they are, while normative
fields identify how they should be.
Normative
- Normative decision making—how we should make decisions, rather than how we actually make them.
Three important reasons
-motivational
-practical
-how people receive information
Reactive Decision
- Reactive decision making involves taking action after an incident or event has occurred.
- For Example : losing a job
Proactive Decision
- Proactive decision making involves anticipating events and issues and taking action to minimize challenges and maximize successful outcomes before they become problematic.
- For Example : quitting your job
REGION 1 : Thought Without Action
- Feelings us may have towards someone or something.
- Example : I should quit this job!
REGION 2 : Action Without Thought
- A reflex response to stimulus.
- Example : crying after cutting an onion
REGION 3 : No Thought-No Action
- Situations where there is no thought and no action?
Example : being in a come
REGION 4 : Thought And Action-"Action Thought"
- Think about a decision, we are practicing actional thought.
Example : decision analysis
What is decision?
- A decision is a choice made from two or more alternatives.
Decision and outcome
Four eventualities:
- Making a good decision and getting a good outcome
- Making a good decision and getting a bad outcome
- Making a bad decision and getting a good outcome
- Making a bad decision and getting a bad outcome
- A good decision is one that produces a desired outcome.
- A good decision is one that produces a desired outcome.
- A good decision is one that has the lowest chance of getting the worst outcome.
1. The decision-maker
- A decision-maker, the person who will act.
- Commitment to actional thought is the first element of good decision making.
2. A frame
- Provide a way of viewing the decision.
- Each frame presents a different view of the decision problem to be addressed.
3. Alternatives from which to choose
- Available courses of action that the person believes would lead to different futures.
- High quality decision will involve consideration of several substantially different alternatives.
4. Preferences
- Describe what the person wants.
- A high quality decision will have clear, carefully specified preferences.
5. Information
- What the person know.
- A high quality decision process ensures that information acquisition is neither overdone nor underdone.
6. The logic by which the decision is made
- use a systematic process
- such as logical reasoning
1. What you can do
2. What you know
- Knowledge that relates your
alternatives to possible consequences.
3. What you want
- Your preferences on consequences
Who is Stakeholder ?
- A stakeholder as someone who can affect, or will be affected by, the decision.
Stakeholder may be
- Personal decision : Friends and family
- Business decision : Shareholders, employees, and customers
- Medical decisions : Patient, doctors, nurses, and the patient’s family.
Affective Decision System
Deliberative Decision System
Hierarchy of decision1. Rigorous
- Apply formal decision
2. Conscious
- Use a checklist and avoid decision traps
3. Quick
- Use common sense and rules of thumb