The first Tudors and the Reformation
The first Tudor king: Henry VII.
first monarch of Tudor dynasty
political alliances through marriages
period of unbroken pace+prosperity
his eldest son Arthur married Catherine of Aragon (aunt of Emperor of Spain)
his daughter Margaret, married James IV of Scotland
laid foundations of English Humanismus+promoted a Renaissance programme
The accession of Henry VIII.
allegiance to Catholic cause against Martin Luher very strong: proclamed defensor fidei (defender of the faith) by Pope
Arthur died-> Catherine widow-> Henry VIII thought of beocoming her second husband
brother of Arthur+son of Henry VII
Pope refused to grant Henry a divorce from Catherine, who failed to give him a male heir
The Reformation and the Church of England.
King of England broke with Rome
Act of Supremacy: Chruch of England= indipendent; King proclaimed Head of the Church
Beginning with Reformation: new Protestant aristocracy linked to Tudors by purchase of lands confiscated from monasteries.
Under King, England stated claim to be own mistress in domainds of politics and religion-> herself against Catholic powers of Europe: France+Spain
Religious persecution under Edward VI and Mary I.
Henry VIII's victims.
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His policy met with several opponents at home
Young poet+diplomat Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
2/6 of king's wives, accused of being unfaithful+sentenced to death.
Thomas More (general humanist)
Refused to recognise supremacy of king in ecclesiastical matters->faithful to Church of Rome->beheaded
Henry's reign-> far from being satisfactory to majority of Englishmen
Radical Protestantism=strong under Edward VI (son of Henry VIII)
Catholic reaction under Mary I (daughter of Catherin of Aragon+wife of King Philip II of Spain)
These two reigns, witnessed first persecution of Catholics, then of Protestants
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For her intolerance in religious matters="Bloody Mary"