EU and international security
EC CW position
civilian power: shouldn't use military force but econ power
help construct a secure community
slow EC competence in external relations e.g. environment, only after Soviet union collapsed do we consider environment
chequered history of ambition for foreign policy cooperation: European Defence Community came from TOP: failed
explaining EU post-CW security ambitions
German and Russian question
binding G power and reassuring its neighbours
wanted R to become more Westernised and accessible
Security in Central E
scope for organised crime
EU incentive to make more efficient
integral part of enlargement: doesn't want weak states joining so helps strengthen them
shaping of new world order
doubts about future of NATO, created to fight Soviets, needed anymore?
global and non-territorial challenges e.g. terrorism
defence and promotion of EC values
int expectation
EU had no need to export security
collapse of USSR made countries look to EU for help
brought back with collapse of Yugoslavia
integration opp
preferred EU approaches to security
multilateralism
constructed with US
good way of doing things without one state dominating
engagement and socialism: EU avoids confrontation
democratisation: liberal democratic capitalism is the best way forward
conflict prevention
non military measures
use of conditionality
norm-building
value based external relations
Key EU reforms and innovations
foreign policy
TEU
EU political coop to CFSP, 1/3 pillars
very important as creates int recognition
provides scope for future developments, EU has learnt to not challenge high sovereignty
AT
EU take responsibility in Balkans, quite embarrassing
EU learnt it needed a higher profile
new structure based treaties
incorporation into Petersburg Tasks, military related, no longer left dependent on the US
French want to form constructive abstention
European Security Defence Policy
1998: St Malo Agreement
Brit and French agreement where there are common interests
French want EU to be more capable, turn on US power
Brits want US power to stay in EU, best way to do this is by demonstrating to the US they can share the burden of security
1999
agreement with non EU NATO members and other interested states contribute to EU military crisis management
create non military crisis management
NICE SUMMIT
ambition commitment
must have loads ready to approach crisis management
develop coherent approach to crisis management
cover full range of Petersburg tasks
Lisbon Treaty Initiatives
high representatives for foreign affairs and security policy
European External Action Service: diplomatic service
Common Security and Defence Policy
EU went a long way very quickly
CSDP disclaimers
no commitment to establish European Army
NATO remains basis of collective defence (insisted by Britain)
CSDP to contribute to renewed Transnational link
primary responsibility UN Sec. Council for maintaining peace and international security
continuing challenges
divergent security focus on member states
aftermath of CW means idea of common enemy is gone
EU is more fragmented
have competing priorities
reconciling acquis communication and acquis politique, suprenational and intergovernmental way of doing things
decision making and implementation
EU had collective vision of where it wanted to go
in a crisis how do you get states to agree quickly and collectively
traditional security preferences
G reluctant to use military force, other states disagree
France is sus of NATO and doesn't like leaning on US
EU has to compliment what US does as Brits lies to US
difference in capability, spending, military, philosophy
EU battlegroup NATO relationship: both need capable, rapid deployment systems
inc military capabilities
BREXIT has made EU lose massive global power
who will lead more military focussed EU?
political will: EU slowed/failed to deal with Iraw, Libya and Ukraine