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EU and Internal Security - Coggle Diagram
EU and Internal Security
internal drivers of internal security coorp
single European market
free movement of FOP
completed 1992
to achieve SEM:
internal borders there for security, once these are stripped need to have a good system in place
puts strain on external frontier
you need to manage the free flow, remove border controls
peoples Europe
intermesticity
borders more porus
policies affect both national and international
internal/external border distinction blurred
development needed for greater security
integration ambition: develop EU as far as possible
tech: respond to cyber threat
EU enlargement: new borders = new challenges
external drivers of internal security coorp
collapse of USSR
CW divided Europe
collapse security too
EU has new security agenda
peace was regulated by fear of nuclear weapons
new security threats
organised crime
happens in area of low policing
seen in collapse of central/eastern europe
terrorism
90s still a threat
9/11 made it a premier threat
economic drivers (migrants)
end fo CW rush of eastern migrants
fears combined with organised crime
political security drivers
EU magnet for displaced ppl as offers security and safety
civil wars, authoritarianism
external events
9/11
changed world and needed a development on personal info collection
worked with EU regarding potential attacks and threats
cyber attacks
more comfortable and dependent we become with tech the more vulnerable we are
cyber warfare is a big threat
privatisation of power
capacity for small groups to inflict damage
state threats as well as organisation/group threats
historical developments of EU internal security coorp
1967: Naples convention on Mutual Assistance between Customers Authorities, TOR and Franco-German bargain
1975: TREVI
attempt to get better at protection from internal threats
terrorist attacks where groups are working with each-other across borders
1985 Schengen Agreement: recognition of objectives agreed in SEA for SEM
Amsterdam Treaty
marks progression and change of emphasis
brought in measures to remove obstacles of movement to ensure secure 'are of freedom, security and justice'
Schengen incorporated into Treaty base
every country had to accept free movement and relaxed border controlled (UK opted out)
pillar system still existed, moved visa policy to pillar one
balance of freedom of security and justice: emphasis towards security
Lisbon Treaty
had committee to Internal Security: coord policy between national forces and EU organisation, wanted to max impact of this coord
extend QMV to to other internal security matters, important for enlargement
reinforced EU procedural law
maybe establish a European Public Prosecutor and legislative text defining conditions where police can have governance in other states
key areas of EU internal security coopertation
info sharing and common threat assessment
info sharing should make EU more effective
Shengan info system updated, where personal data is stored
convergence of national security systems
mainstreaming European principles and concepts in national criminal la code through legislative harmonisations
every country that joined EU after TOR
had
to accept conditions of Area of Freedom, Security and Justice
cross border coop: European Arrest Warrant
common int action
expansion of internal security capacity building assistance to thirs countries
common positions and action in int organisations
UN counter-terrorism directorate
UN convention against corruption
EU internal security stratergy 2010 (common threats)
terrorism
serious and organised crime
cybercrime and threats to info systems
cross border crime
violence (youth)
natural and man made disasters
European Agenda on security (2015)
compliance with fundamental rights
commitment to AFSJ
more transparency, accountability and democratic control
better coordination between national EU capabilities
bring together internal and external dimensions of security
objectives: better info on exchange rate and increased operational cooperation
priorities: terrorism, organised crime and cyber crime
limitations and controversies
national sovereignty
EU cannot replicate, has to add value
unanimity required under pillar 3 and kept in key areas
Lisbon emergency brake
EU dependent on member states
implementation deficits at EU and National Levels
balance between freedom, security and justice
accountability