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Patterns of Crime - Coggle Diagram
Patterns of Crime
Males
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Munci- small rises in recorded crime created a moral panic about female offending and girl gangs, suggesting that the rise in the imprisonment of young women has been an over reaction
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Not just males, it is also females
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Females are more protected and have more social control by parents whereas males have more freedom to commit crime especially as have more disposable income
Peer pressure can be placed on men and women to commit crimes and do not want to be seen as 'not cool'
More peer pressure on men
Males are socialised into being aggressive whereas females are socialised to being pretty and gentle
Gender Role socialisation
Socialisation: norms & values (functionalist, Oakley)
females controlled more (feminists: Smart, Lees)
Females may continue to offend their teens, offending drops markedly after this is they seem to grow out of it whereas offending rates for males do not decline significantly well until 20s
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Munci- Small rises in recorded crime created a moral panic about female offending and girl gangs, suggesting that the rise in the imprisonment of young women has been an over reaction
Working Class
The Cambridge study in delinquent development , a longitudinal study in the sample of 400 young males, suggested that social economic deprivation was a key predictor of future criminality
By committing crime, it allows them to escape the marinization and escape their poor status. Possibly wanting to gain some credibilility
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CCCS, social class is related to their resistance and rebelling against capitalism
- Labelling/ self-fulfilling prophecy (interactionist)
- Functionalist (Eisenstadt: letting off steam)
- Poverty/ deprivation (Marxism)
Underclass (Murray)
as do not have strong father figures so have no role model to learn the acceptable behaviour
Clearly more likely to find themselves involved with the criminal justice system. It is a matter of debate as to whether working class dues actually commit more crime and deviance
Deviant and criminality of the working class become involved is in more likely to be visible and targeted by the police and criminal justice institutions whereas deviants and criminality among the middle class use may be hidden tolerated as high spirits and negotiated away.
Jacobson
- More than 1/4 had witnessed domestic violence, with a similar proportion having experienced the local authority care or you could put in the research found it another common aspect of their lives was disrupted education as half both known to have taunted or regularly failed to attend school for other reasons and half had been excluded
- For example, around 3/4 were known to have had absent fathers, around half to have lived in a deprived house sold or unsuitable accommodation in just under half to runaway or absconded at some point in their lives
- More than 1/4 had witnessed domestic violence, with a similar proportion having experienced the local authority care or you could put in the research found it another common aspect of their lives was disrupted education as half both known to have taunted or regularly failed to attend school for other reasons and half had been excluded.
Afro Caribbean's
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Young black males are also more likely to be stopped and searched by the police and their white counterparts
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- In 2009/10, Asians made up 5.6 per cent of the population, but accounted for 9.6 per cent of stop and searches and 7.1 per cent of the prison population and now 8 times more in 2020/21
- Black ethnic backgrounds accounted for 21 per cent if young people in custody in 2012/13
- Even though ethnic backgrounds account for less than 3 per cent of backgrounds
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Conforming into their own culture, although in Britain it is illegal
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- Resistance against racism (Hebdige)
- Media stereotypes/ expectations (Alexander)
- The labelling and police placing criminal labels on them could means that it become a Labelling/ self-fulfilling prophecy (interactionist)
There is a discrepancy in the way black and white young offenders are dealt with within the criminal justice system, which may not be solely based on offending behaviour
Lea and Young
- The statistics often miss out the important point that you UK is interracial meaning that it takes place within ethnic communities
- Racially motivated crime against other ethnic groups is much rarer
- Thus most common crime committed by young black males is against other young black males
- They argue that this is understood explanations for the high rates of black criminality can be sought from within the black community and issues such as culture, poverty and deprivation which must be considered as explanations