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Who is involved in the placemaking process (CH) - Coggle Diagram
Who is involved in the placemaking process (CH)
Governments and other organisations e.g. TNCs
In the UK, there is a hierarchy of
government
This stretches form a
local to national scale
National Government represents a country as a place on an international stage - and these countries will be represented by an ambassador
Government departments also engage with foreign countries e.g.
trade links
are supported and
military co-operation
is organised
In the UK, government have been keen to attract inward investment
The
British Council
is an organisation that specialises in promoting educational and cultural links abroad
Between
60-80%
of all data includes a locational component -
GIS
This means more people and governments are using geography as a part of their work
GIS =
Geographic Information Systems
Governments at all scales are also becoming more aware of the need to make
placemaking
part of their operations
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
Most FDI flows comes from
TNC headquarters in ACs
- e.g. Barclays, Sony, Nestle, Coca Cola etc.
TNCs
origination from
EDCs and LIDCs
are having an increasing presence
regionally
and even
sometimes nationally
(e.g. Tata - who is an Indian company that owns Jaguar Land Rover)
Has increased enormously since the
1980s
- but with ebbs and flows depending on
health of the global, regional (e.g. EU) or national economies
China
is set to become one of the
world's largest overseas investors
by 2020 - and in 2015, some
US $100 billion of FDI
was invested by Chinese companies
Architects and planners
'An efficient planning system and good spatial plan are essential to achieving high-quality places and good design'
- Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE) 2009, now merged into the Deign Council (2010)
Architecture can influence the
identity
of an area and can create associations with a place - e.g. London is associated with built-up, urban landscape and more industrial buildings like the Shard
Architecture makes an important
contribution to placemaking
through the design on individual buildings
In the UK,
local authorities
maintain their own
planning departments
- they develop a local plan for the local areas which involves elements of a place such as
industrial and housing developments, amenities (such as parks) and transport
This is important for
placemaking
as it sets
the framework
for new buildings or uses of land
Community groups and NGOs
Local communities
have a significant influence in shaping places - as well as
political organisations like councils
, as a whole host of activities goes towards
local place profiles
Resident associations
mostly came into existence in the 1920s and 193s, when urban areas were newly developed, and were focused on the generation of a community
Resident associations
often are concerned with
environmental, community and housing matters
, often on a local scale, such as traffic speeds through the neighbourhood and footpath maintenance and use of the community centre
Heritage associations
can be active in the placemaking process where there is a distinguishing character based on the survival of past characteristics such as the architecture
Many of these are
NGOs
such as the
National Trust
, who have a significant influence when it comes to placemaking, as they seek out to
preserve
historical features such as buildings or even ways of living/working, so that people can see and experience places as they were in the past
The most active associations are often those where it can be clearly identified as having a distinctive character, such as a former village, now part of a larger settlement, such places already have an established sense of community, so will work together to maintain the character of the place such as the village green or local cluster of shops