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Attitudes = association between an object and an evaluation - Coggle…
Attitudes = association between an object and an evaluation
Positive or negative and has 3 components
emotional
behavioural
cognitive
Dimensions of attitudes
awareness = how aware is the indv about it
complexity = intricate or nuanced
accessibility = how readily does it come to mind
ambivalence = positive, negative, mixed?
importance = how impt is it? will he/she compromise
coherence = are the components of the attitudes consistent with one another?
strength = how durable is it in an indv
Persuasion
Components
Aristotle
pathos (appeal to emotion)
logos ( appeal to logic)
ethos (appeal to authority)
Generally
receiver = who's getting the message
context = what context is the receiver in
source = person speaking
message = kind of words used
channel = how it's delivered
Process of persuasion
Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) which has two routes to persuasion
Central Route = indvs are motivated and considers arguments and different cognitive perspectives carefully
Peripheral Route = indvs are unmotivated and appeals to emotion
Cognitive Dissonance
Resolving dissonance
modify the attitude to be stronger or weaker
replace the attitude
changing the behaviour = attitude remains unchanged
ignore it
Types of dissonance arousing situations include
insufficient justification = doing something you don't enjoy, to help a friend
new information = encountering new info that conflicts with your existing beliefs and paints your behaviour in a less desirable light
Choice = choosing between two choices that are equally desirable or undesirable
an aversive anxious state that arises from discrepancies between attitudes and behaviours
Stereotypes and Prejudice
-stereotypes = represent characteristics assigned to ppl based on their membership in a specific grp
initially held to be necessary as we lack the cognitive resources needed to assess new situations
but is widely held to be inaccurate as every group has heterogeneity
Dimensions of stereotyping
varies in warmth and competence
admiration = high competence, high warmth
contemptuous = low competence and low warmth
Paternalistic = low competence and high warmth
Prejudice = judging others based on a streotype
Discrimination = acting negatively towards a person on the basis of stereotypes and/or group membership
Attribution
process of inferring the causes of mental states and behaviours of yourself and others.
Two types of attributions
external = due to the situation
internal = due to the person/ reflects the person
but when debating on whether it's internal or external attributions, a cube model of causal inference is used, consisting of
distinctiveness =. does this person act like this in other situations? low distinctiveness = internal attribution
consistency = does this person frequently act this way/ high consistency = internal attribution
Consensus = do others behave this way / low consensus = internal
However it is prone to biases and errors like
Self-serving bias = attributing successes to internal factors and failures to external factors to view self in a more positive light
Ultimate attribution error = positive ingroup behaviours and negative outgroup behaviours are due to internal causes and the opposite / to maintain positive distinctiveness
Fundamental Attribution error = underestimating external factors and overestimating internal factors