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TOPIC 15 LATIN AMERICA NATIONAL STATES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The reform laws, dictated by the liberal regime, boosted the free market economy, established the separation of the Church and the state, which eliminated the right to own land (including the church, but also indigenous communities) Napoleon III of France and the imposition of a foreign emperor, Maximilian I of Habsburg. Starting in 1865, the French army began to suffer defeats at the hands of the guerrillas in 1876. Thus began the period known as Porfiriato, a 35-year dictatorship. This situation would unleash the Mexican Revolution that will begin in 1910.
- - - - The first of innumerable civil wars in this country began in 1839, against the liberal President Marquez, and would last four years. In 1849, a cholera epidemic killed about 20,000 people.The reform attempts of 1886 abolished federalism, gave power to the central government and recognized the Catholic as a religion of the twentieth century in 1850 and led to the colonization of Antioquia (capital Medellín).
    - - Already in 1826, a rebellion led by General José Antonio Páez showed the discontent of the Venezuelans with the intrigues of Santander in November 1829, the separation of Gran Colombia. In May 1830, Páez, leader of the Conservative Party, made up of military leaders from the War of Independence, merchants and landowners.
    - - The first years of republican life were spent in military struggles to come to power. From 1836 to 1839, there was the Peruvian-Bolivian confederation of Marshal Ramón Castilla, who knew how to restructure and order the state thanks to the bonanza in the War of the Pacific against Chile, leaving the country in a bad economic situation.
    - - The territory of Upper Peru was constituted in an independent state with the name of Bolivia, in homage to the Liberator, of the State "(1825) until 1828 when a series of disturbances made him resign. Later, in his honor, the name of the capital, Chuquisaca, by Sucre. In 1829 Andrés de Santa Cruz in 1839 due to the war that unleashed Chile and Argentina José Miguel de Velasco, president on four different occasions, in the span of 20 years, and Joseph Boliviana (1841-47) Agustín Gamarra (Peruvian president) died in this battle Melgarejo (1864-71), an arbitrary and ignorant ruler, caused the loss of large territories at the hands of Brazil and Chile.The War of the Pacific (1879-83) the "liberal period" (1899-1920), in which several democratically elected governments succeeded.