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THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS (III), image, image, image, image,…
THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS (III)
ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
Crown of Castilla
Transhumance livestock farming developed
the shepherds migrated with their flocks of sheep between seasons in search of new pastures
They migrated to the northern meseta in summer and headed south in winter
The flocks travelled along paths protected by the crown called cañadas reales
The exportation of wool was very important
Honrado Concejo de la Mesta
the association of shepherds that controlled this activity
Catholic Monarchs gave numerous privileges to this association
Burgos Consulate (1494)
It was formed to control the exportation of wool from the Cantabrian ports
Spanish textile
The industry developed just enough to cover domestic demand
Agriculture
suffered due to the increase in livestock farming
In Andalucía, substantial vineyards and olive groves were maintained to produce wine and oil
The amount of pasture land increased
the main source of wealth was precious metals from the Americas
Crown of Aragón
feudal abuses
the crisis of the 14th century provoked an increase in the abuses of the nobility
number of available resources declined
These abuses were taxes, fines and other arbitrary measures imposed by the feudal lords
War of the Remences
peasant uprising
1486
Ferdinand the Catholic ended this conflict by stopping the feudal abuses of the nobility with the Sentencia Arbitral de Guadalupe
Trade in the Mediterranean
It benefitted from the incorporation of Italian territories into the Crown of Aragón
The main ports were Valencia and Barcelona
Trade benefitted other economic activities
shipbuilding
textile industry
The monarchs protected local industries by placing taxes or duties on foreign products
After the serious economic and demographic crises of the 14th century
cereal farming went into decline
This became a source of conflict for those searching for alternatives
ART AND CULTURE
Juan Luis Vives
The most important humanist
a converted Jew who went into exile to escape the Inquisition and spent the rest of his life in Flanders and England
He was a follower of Erasmus of Rotterdam and proposed the creation of social services for the poor and educational reforms
The Gothic artistic style was maintained
Sculpture
The italian Domenico Fancelli
was a very important artist
He sculpted the Tomb of the Catholic Monarchs in Granada
Painting
the works of Pedro Berruguete were greatly influenced by the Flemish style
Architecture
the main Gothic works of art were commissioned by
Cardinal Cisneros, Cisneros style
Catholic Monarchs, Isabelline style
The founding of new universities and the spread of the printing press
Cardinal Cisneros, the founder of Alcalá de Henares University, financed the Complutensian Polyglot Bible
The sacred text was written in four languages
Latin
Greek
Hebrew
Chaldean
The increase in the importance of the Castilian language
The philologist and historian Antonio de Nebrija published the first grammar of this language in 1492
