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SCIENCE AND INDUSTRIAL ADVANCES - Coggle Diagram
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRIAL ADVANCES
THE RAILWAY CHANGES TO THE WORLD
It is not easy, in the 21st century, when
cars, buses, and trucks allow us to
understand fast the gigantic effect that had
the introduction of the railway in the XIX.
Remember that, since the agricultural
revolution, land transport was the back of
animals like horses, mules, camels, or in
wagons pulled by those animals.
The transport was limited to the local or
regional, for markets and fairs.
PASTEUR REVOLUTIONIZES MEDICINE
In medicine, the greatest revolution was
brought by Louis Pasteur. He was one of the
most important scientists in history, who
discovered microbes and how they cause
certain diseases.
Pasteur also invented one of the most
important methods of preventive medicine, the
vaccine: In 1880 produced a rabies vaccine.
The process of pasteurization, to prevent
diseases from spreading through milk or other
foods, was also his invention.
THE INVENTION OF THE RAILWAY
THE EXACT SCIENCES
Faraday (1791-1867), Ohm (1789-1854), and others studied
electricity and magnetism. These studies led Maxwell (1831-1879) to unify the
two phenomena in a single theory: electromagnetism.
FARADAY OHM MAXWELL
Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794), the father of the modern chemistry, had
managed to establish the existence of the oxygen and the law of the
conservation of the Mass. John Dalton (1766-1804) developed in 1803 the
theory that all matter is composed of atoms, the smallest components of matter.
Based on these discoveries, Dimitri Mendeleev (1834-1907) composed in 1869
the periodic table of elements.
THE STEAMBOATS
Until the beginning of the
nineteenth century, the
transport of larger quantities of
goods was by sea or river, in
sailing boats.
The application of the steam
machine to the navigation was
another important advance,
although, in the first
steamboats, the load of coal
needed to operate the machine occupied most of the space. The "vapors" were
only going to compete with an advantage against the sailboats in the twentieth
century, with large tonnage metal boats and with oil fuel.
Rails, first of wood and then of Iron, had in some
mines of Europe for transport the mineral in small
carts, moved by Men or animals of draught, that
is why the first thing-steam-engine was For a coal
mine. It was made in 1814, George Stephenson
for a coal mine (it dragged 30 T to 7 km/h). His dilater improved.
CHARLES DARWIN REVOLUTIONIZES BIOLOGY
theory in the whole history of science is that of evolution
through natural selection, exhibited by British naturalist
Charles Darwin in his book on the origin Of the species in
After a trip through South America, which included a
key visit to the Galapagos Islands. In 1866, the Augustinian
priest Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) developed the laws of
inheritance, which gave beginning to the studies of
genetics.
Perhaps the most important, controversial and far-reaching