Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
LATIN AMERICA NATIONAL STATES - Coggle Diagram
LATIN AMERICA NATIONAL STATES
THE BEGINNING OF THE INDEPENDENT LIFE OF MEXICO
Juarez and the liberal reform
The laws of reform, issued by the
liberal regime, impelled the free market
economy, established the separation
of the Church and the state,
secularized education, and nullified the
privileges of "corporations", which
removed the right to own land
(including the church, but also the indigenous communities). Benito Juárez was
a wise and appreciated president famous for his doctrine that "respect for other
people's Rights is peace" – but he had to face new civil wars with the
Conservatives and, most seriously, the invasion in 1862 of the army of
Napoleon III of France and the Imposition of a foreign emperor, Maximilian I of
Habsburg.
After the short empire of Iturbide, in 1824 the Constitution was promulgated that
created the Federal Republic of the United Mexican States.
Then appeared one of the most controversial figures of the Latin American
Caudillismo, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna (1794-1876), eleven times president
of Mexico.
the independence of each country
BRAZIL: FROM THE EMPIRE TO THE REPUBLIC
After ten years of government, and discredited by the war setbacks during the
Argentine-Brazilian wars, in which Uruguay was lost,
the emperor of Brazil, Peter I, abdicated in 1831.
After interim governments exercised by regents, his
son Pedro II has crowned emperor at fourteen years
of age. He governed for 58 years (1831-1889),
COLOMBIA
The first of countless civil wars in this country
began in 1839, against liberal president
Marquez, and would last four years. In 1849,
an epidemic of cholera killed some 20000
people from the Atlantic coast. In 1851 it was decreed the manumission of the
slaves. The attempts to reform resulted in a new civil war, which the
Conservatives won, so its constitution of 1886 abolished federalism,
empowered the central government, and recognized the Catholic as a state
religion.
PERU
The first years of Republican life were
spent in struggles between the military
to reach power. From 1836 to 1839,
there was the Peruvian-Bolivian
confederation. The struggles between
warlords continued until the first
constitutional government of Mariscal
Ramón Castilla
VENEZUELA
v
Already in 1826, a rebellion led by the general José
Antonio Páez showed the disagreement of the
Venezuelans with the intrigues of Santander.
Under the pretext of defending Bolivar was
proclaimed, in November 1829, the separation of
Great Colombia. In May 1830, the Constituent
Congress was installed in Valencia.
BOLIVIA
The territory of Upper Peru was constituted in an
independent state with the name of Bolivia, in
homage to the Liberator, who was appointed "Father
of the Republic and Supreme Head of the State"
(1825). Bolivar thanked these honors, but did not
accept the presidency and appointed to the Office of
the General Antonio José de Sucre. He ruled until
1828 when a series of riots made him resign. Later,
in his homage, it will change the name of the
capital, Chuquisaca, by Sucre.
ARGENTINA, BETWEEN FEDERALIST AND CENTRALISTS
Strong struggles between federalists and centralists marked the beginning of
independent life in Argentina and continued during the nineteenth century. In
1829, Juan Manuel de Rosas was elected ruler, loved by his followers, feared,
and hated by his opponents, who called him a tyrant and dictator. The truth is
that he was in power for more than 20 years, with extraordinary faculties granted
by the provincial legislature, to order the country against political anarchy.