Inflammation 3
Cells involved
Systemic Signs
Types of Inflammation
Chronic
Acute
Granulomatous
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Form of chronic inflammation
Chronic
Granulomatous
Acute
Leukocytosis
Neutrophils - first to arrive at site of injury
Lymphadenopathy
Fever
Elevated C-reactive protein
Eosinophils- white blood cells that curb infection and boost inflammation
Plasma Cells- lymphocyte type cell, found in bone marrow, connective tissue, and sometimes blood
Monocytes/Macrophages - becomes a macrophage as it enters the surrounding tissue, macrophages replace neutrophils when persistent chronic inflammation ensues
Lymphocytes- involved in immune response
Macrophages- become mobile when stimulated by inflammation
Giant Cells- contains many multinucleated cells
Injury is minimal and brief
Source is removed from the tissue
Lasts a few days
Repair may begin immediately
Lymphocytes- involved in immune response
Heals less readily
Production of pyrogens effects hypothalamus, increasing body temperature
Longer lasting
Lasts weeks, months or indefinitely
Biochemical Mediators
An increase in the number of WBCs circulating in the blood
Clotting Mechanism
Kinin System
Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of lymphocytes
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Non-specific protein produced in the liver and elevated in the circulating blood when inflammation is present
Classic Localized Signs
inflammation by causing increased dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels at the site of the injury
Loss of normal function
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Pain
Heat
Redness or erythema
Microscopic signs: Events associated with swelling and pain.
Swelling
Processes involved
Pavementing
Emigration
Margination
Leukocytes travel to the lining of the blood cell
Attempt to wall off injurious agent
Complement System
clotting of blood which stops bleeding at the site
Leukocytes adhere to the wall of the blood vessel
composed of series of plasma proteins that are activated in a cascading fashion= activates in a ripple effect
White blood cells escape from the blood vessels
Hyperemia resulting from dilation of the microcirculation.
Permeability of the microcirculation leads to exudate formation in the tissue.
Histologic pattern of tissue reaction which appears following cell injury
Hyperemia resulting from dilation of the microcirculation.
Pressure on nerves by exudate formation and release of biochemical mediators.