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Xiomara Sanchez, period 3, Cardivascular System - Coggle Diagram
Xiomara Sanchez, period 3, Cardivascular System
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ABO, Rh blood types
ABO
Blood groups are based on presence or absence of 2 important
antigens on RBC membranes: antigen A and antigen B
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Type AB blood has both A and B antigens on RBC membranes, but neither type of antibodies in the plasma; universal recipient
Type O blood has neither antigen on RBC membranes, but both
types of antibodies in the plasma; universal donor
Antibodies of one type will react with antigens of the same type,
and cause agglutination
RH
In humans, group includes several Rh antigens or factors
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If the Rh factor (antigen D) is present on a person’s red blood cells, the blood is Rh positive; if absent, the blood is Rh negative
There are 2 ways in which an Rh-negative individual can have
contact with Rh-positive blood: a transfusion or pregnancy
If an Rh-negative woman carries an Rh-positive baby, she may be exposed to the Rh-positive blood during delivery
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Anatomy of the heart (including all chambers, and valves)
Heart valves
Tricuspid valve; Prevents blood from moving from the
right ventricle into the right atrium during ventricular contraction
Pulmonary valve; Prevents blood from moving from the
pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle during ventricular relaxation
Mitral (bicuspid) valve; Prevents blood from moving from the
left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular contraction
Aortic valve; Prevents blood from moving from the
aorta into the left ventricle during ventricular relaxation
Chambers
Right atrium; receives blood low in oxygen from the body and then empties the blood into the right ventricle.
Left atrium; receives blood full of oxygen from the lungs and then empties the blood into the left ventricle
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Layers of the heart
Epicardium
a serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart.
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Endocardium
The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart. It lines the inner surfaces of the heart chambers, including the heart valves. The endocardium has two layers. The inner layer lines the heart chambers and is made of endothelial cells.
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Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types (arteries, veins, capillaries)
Arteries
strong, elastic vessels adapted for carrying high-pressure blood
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Capillaries
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They consist only of a layer of endothelium, through which
substances are exchanged with tissue cells (diffusion)
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