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what is culture - Coggle Diagram

- - - - cultivating, agriculture
      - to tend, to guard
      - care, culture
- - - - culture as social construct
        
        3P's: product, practices, perspectives asking why ppl behave a certain way, and what conditions them to do so
        
        Hoefstede's pyramid model of culture
    - - culture as cognitive process
        
        cultural iceberg theory (Edward T. Hall)
        
        focus on human mind, interpretations, perception)
    - - culture as set of symbols
        
        culture as filter for meaning-making process
      - operating on symbols
      - culture as dynamic phenomenon
      - imagined communities (Anderson, 1997)
        
        way of describing developing national feelings
        imagined communities as a nation
        
        historical causes for creation of nations: mass vernacular literature, movement to abolish monarchy, emergence of printing press
        
        imagined communities = nations
        
        they will never know all of the other members, but feel a sense of shared values and interests ("comradeship")
      - symbolic self (Kramsch, 2011)
        
        constituted by symbolic symbols like Lg, systems of thought, their symbolic power
    - - culture as observable outcomes
        
        4 F'S: food, fashion, festivals, folklore (neglect the intangible aspects of culture)
        
        high vs low context culture (countries)
        
        connected to way of communcating
        
        low - simple communicative structures (ex. No.), in Poland, Russia
        
        high - elaborated communitcative structures, beating around the bush (ex. I'm truly sorry but...) in Japan, England