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Review of Chapters 1-4, Linnean Taxonomy domain kingdom phylum …

- - - - exponential (j-curve)
        Starting population x constant x r(number of species at a certain time) = end pop
      - Logistic growth (s-curve)
        Starting population + r x population x # (number that represent distance from the carrying capacity) = end pop
      - constant
        Start population x constant time = end pop
    - - Biotic potential - number of offspring under ideal conditions
      - Environmental resistance → biotic vs abiotic factors that cause mortality and limit population increase
    - - K→ birds, mammals (Type I)
        
        Larger size
        
        Larger lifespan
        
        Later age onset reproduction
        
        Few number of offspring
        
        More parental care
        
        More population stability
      - R - insects, amphibians, reptiles, fish (Type III)
        
        Smaller size
        
        Shorter lifespan
        
        Age of onset reproduction
        
        Large number of offspring
        
        Little to no parental care
        
        Less population stability
- - - - Habitat - area particular species is adapted to live in , defined by plant community and physical environment
      - niche - sum of all conditions and resources under which species can live
  - - - Cycling of matter → carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur
      - matter and energy
        
        Potential energy → energy storage (chemical energy)
        
        Kinetic energy → energy of motion
        
        Calories → energy unit that denotes energy required to heat and raise temperature of 1g of water by 1c
- - - - Natural law → provides a rational explanation for experiments
      - Concepts→ explanations that allow for predictions
      - Theories→ overarching themes that are continued
- - - - Free market → market decides what will be exchanged (capitalist)
      - Centrally planned→ rulers decide (dictatorship)
    - - Brown economy → not sustainable
      - Green economy → more sustainable
      - Produced capital → is essential to the production of goods and services
      - Natural capital → world natural assets, retrieved from ecosystem (fossil fuel and minerals included)
      - Intangible → broken into human, social, and knowledge capital
    - - Gross domestic product (GDP) → total monetary value of all goods and services or capital produced within a country’s borders in a timeframe
        Currently used as an indicator of economic health and wealth
      - Genuine progress indicator (GPI) → environmental economists means of measuring economic progress
        Measure economic sustainability
      - Gross national product (GNP) → total monetary or market value of all finished goods and services or capital within and outside the country (entire economy)
      - GDP has risen over the years while GPI has not
  - - - Policy life cycle → predictable course of policy development in democratic societies
        
        recognition
        
        formulation
        
        implementation
        
        control
      - command and control - A fine due to not following pollution set standards
      - market approach - user fees
    - - Pollution control costs add value
      - Few job layoffs environmentally related (0.1% of job layoffs are environmental protection related) about 1.7% added value for policy and tech
      - Environmental regulation related to job growth
      - Healthier workers are more productive