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SPAIN, BETWEEN ABSOLUTISM AND LIBERALISM - Coggle Diagram
SPAIN, BETWEEN ABSOLUTISM AND LIBERALISM
THE REIGN OF FERNANDO VII AND THE RETURN TO ABSOLUTISM
(1823) Fernando VII invoked the Treaty of the Holy Alliance between absolutist powers
Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis invaded Spain
THE REIGN OF ISABEL II: MODERATE LIBERALISM
foundations
Establishment of a constitutional monarchy
absolutism of the Old Regime was disappearing thanks to the separation of powers.
Two-party system
During Isabel II’s reign, there were two political parties.
Military victory over the Carlists
Fernando VII died, there were two contenders for the throne: his brother, the Infante Don Carlos, and his daughter, Isabel
Constitutions
Two constitutions were established during Isabel’s regency and reign.
The second, in 1845,
The first, in 1837
Centralism
Despite different political tendencies on how autonomous or centralised the new state should be, moderantism imposed a strongly centralised government.
Desamortizaciones
As a result of this process, land was expropriated by the state to be sold at public auction.
ALTERNATION IN POWER AND MILITARY REBELLIONS
The Bienio Progresista (1854–1856)
It began when a group of moderate, progressive and democratic troops seized power in a rebellion known as the Vicalvarada.
Attempts were made to liberalise politics, but within a context of social unrest. The moderates were afraid of a revolution, so the queen handed them power.
Crisis of moderantism (1856–1868)
Moderate Party and the Liberal Union, a centrist party, alternated in power.
opposition was excluded from parliament, and the military, politicians and students were harshly repressed.
The Década Moderada
government’s position was very conservative, based on the Constitution of 1845
he progressives were marginalised and the recently created Democratic Party, which defended universal suffrage, was suppressed.
SEXENIO DEMOCRÁTICO: DEMOCRATIC LIBERALISM
revolutionary process
The democratic monarchy under Amadeo I (1871–1873)
short reign was marked by great instability and the death of Prim, assassinated in a terrorist attack on the day that Amadeo arrived in Spain
The First Republic (1873–1874)
four presidents during this 11-month period
The Revolution of 1868.
Politics was democratised during this period.