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05 NATIONALISM: INDEPENDENCE AND UNIFICATIONS, image, image, image, image,…
05 NATIONALISM: INDEPENDENCE AND UNIFICATIONS
1 NATION AND NATIONALISM
Before the 19th century, the word ‘nation’ expressed different realities
Nationalism, which was the political interpretation of this identity and these aspirations
Was influenced by this causes.
Liberalism
Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna
The development of the liberal economy
Both Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna organised the map of Europe
Two types of nationalist movement
unifying movements
independence movements
2 THE INDEPENDENCE OF LATIN AMERICA
The Napoleonic invasion of Spain had repercussions in Latin America
Urban development in cities such as Caracas, Mexico City, Quito, Bogotá and Buenos Aires
The independence process was violent
LEADERS OF LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE
José de San Martín (1778–1850)
Simón Bolívar (1783–1830)
Consequences of the emancipation of latin america
Political consequences
Social consequences
Economic consequences
3 THE UNIFICATION OF GERMANY
The German Confederation replaced the Holy Empire.
Many independent territories ruled by princes, coexisted between the two
The German Confederation had an assembly, called the Diet
In 1834, Prussia created the Zollverein or Customs Union
The Revolution of 1848 ->frightened the middle class
German chancellor Otto von Bismarck, under the reign of William I
The French were defeated declaring the Second German Empire
4 THE UNIFICATION OF ITALY
Diferent political systems
Naples and Sicily in the south formed a monarchy governed by the Bourbon dynasty.
Piedmont-Sardinia, ruled by the Savoy dynasty.
The rest of the north was occupied by Austria
Cavour-> allied with the French and defeated the Austrians
Naples and Sicily were occupied by nationalist revolutionary Garibaldi
The pope had to renounce the Papal States and was confined to Vatican City
political regime and parliamentary monarchy and censitary suffrage
The capital was Rome and Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy
Leaders of italian unification
Giuseppe Mazzini (1805–1872)
Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807–1882)
