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SPAIN: BETWEEN ABSOLUTISM & LIBERALISM - Coggle Diagram
SPAIN: BETWEEN ABSOLUTISM & LIBERALISM
REIGN OF FERNANDO VII
Restoration of absolutism by Fernando VII
Military uprisings were repressed
1820 -> troops under
Riego
Revolted against Fernando VII
Restored the Constitution of 1812
Start of the
Trienio Liberal
Conflict: moderate liberals (doceañistas) and radical liberals & absolutists
DECADA OMINOSA
Fernando VII invoked Holy Alliance
French soldiers/Spanish volunteers invaded Spain
(Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis)
Absolutist throne restored
Start of the Década Ominosa
Anti-liberal and conservative measures
Make contact with doceañistas
Supported his daughter Isabel to succeed him
But absolutists
Supported Fernando’s brother Carlos
1833 Fernando VII died
Isabel (child) inherited the throne
Fernando VII passed a new law
Pragmática Sanción
Replaced the
Salic Law
Forbade succession by women
Civil war --> Carlos’s supporters and Isabel’s
First Carlist War
REIGN OF ISABEL II
Isabel II inherited the crown still a minor
Two regents
Her mother María Cristina
General Espartero
During this period
Military victory over the Carlists
Fernando VII died
Contenders for the throne were Carlos & Isabel
Carlists supported absolutism
Isabel's: transition to moderate liberalism
First Carlist War (1833–1840)
Won by Isabel II supporters
Constitutional monarchy
Absolutism was disappearing
Moved to liberalism
Monarchy maintained power
Two-party systems
Two types of liberalism
Moderate Party
Progressive Party
Constitutions
Two constitutions were written
1837 (progressive parliament) against regent María
1845 (moderate parliament) favoured Isabel
Sovereignty no in the hads of monarchy
Society divided into states abolished
Centralism
Different political tendencies
Imposed centralised government
Expropiation
Land was expropriated by the state
Sold at public auction
Affected property of city councils/Church
Two main
desmortalizaciones
Mendizábal 1836
Madoz 1855
ALTERNATION IN POWER/MILITARY REBELLIONS
Different stages
Década Moderada
(1844–1854)
Conservative (Constitution of 1845)
Progressives were marginalised
Created Democratic Party was suppresed
Bienio Progresista
(1854–1856)
Group of moderate, progressive & democratic rebellion
Desamortización of Madoz took place
Industrial developent
Queen handed power to moderates
Were afraid of a revolution
Moderantism
(1856–1868)
Moderate Party & Liberal Union alternated in power
Opposition was excluded from parliament
Military, politicians & students repressed
Economic growth during the early years
1865 coup d’état was planned from overseas
Pact of Ostend
(1866)
Progressives, democrats, republicans and Liberal Union signed it
DEMOCRATIC LIBERALISM
Conflict between 1868 and 1874
The Revolution of 1868
Based on Pact of Ostend
Juan Prim and General Serrano organised revolution
"
La Gloriosa
"
Isabel II went into exile in France
Sexenio Democrático began
New constitution was approved
Democratic monarchy under Amadeo I
(1871–1873)
Parliament did not want a Bourbon monarch
Selected Amadeo of Savoy as new king
Italian candidate supported by Prim
Short reign was marked by great instability
Death of Prim assassinated
New king abdicated
Spanish Parliament declared the First Republic
First Republic (1873–1874)
Four presidents during this 11-month period
Figueras, Pi i Margall, Salmerón and Castelar
GENERAL PAVIA’S COUP D’ÉTAT (1874)
Carlism -> start of workers’ protests with anarchism
War for Cuban independence movement
Government was overthrown by the coup d'etat
Alfonso of Bourbon to return to the throne
