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SPAIN, BETWEEN ABSOLUTISM AND LIBERALISM, image, image, image, image,…
SPAIN, BETWEEN ABSOLUTISM AND LIBERALISM
The reign of fernando VII and the return to absolutism
LIberal military uprisings followed and were then repressed.
Troops under Lieutenant Colonel Riego
Revolted against Fernando VII
The start of the Trienio Liberal
Conflict between moderate liberals and radical liberals
Restored the Constitution of 1812
DÉCADA OMINOSA
Fernando VII invoked the Treaty of the Holy Alliance
Between absolutist powers
Army of French soldiers and Spanish volunteers
Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis
Invaded Spain
Absolutist throne was finally restored
A period in which the king took anti-liberal and conservative measures
Fernando VII began to make contact with the doceañistas
To ensure that they supported his plan for his daughter Isabel to succeed him
In 1833, Fernando VII died
Isabel inherited the throne
Passed a new law before his death
Pragmática Sanción
This replaced the Salic Law
Which forbade succession by women
Civil war between Carlos’s supporters and Isabel’s
First Carlist War
The reign of isabel II: moderate liberalism
During the regency period, the foundations for the new liberal regime were laid
Military victory over the Carlists
When Fernando VII died, there were two contenders for the throne
Isabel
Isabel’s supporters wanted a transition to moderate liberalism
the First Carlist War (was won by Isabel’s supporters)
Don Carlos
The Carlists supported absolutism
Establishment of a constitutional monarchy
The absolutism of the Old Regime was disappearing
Thanks to the separation of powers
The monarchy still maintained powe
Judicial power was in the hands of the courts
Isabel held the executive power
Shared the legislative power with the parliament.
Two-party system
During Isabel II’s reign, there were two political parties
Moderate Party
Both liberal but different ideologies
Moderate Party
Constitutions
Two constitutions
1837
Was written by the progressive parliament
Against the regent María Cristina’s wishes
1845
Approved by a moderate parliament favoured by the young queen
Both constitutions contained two basic characteristics of the liberal system
Sovereignty was no longer exclusively in the hands of the monarch
The inequality before the law of the society divided into estates
Centralism
Moderantism imposed a strongly centralised government.
Desamortizaciones
Land was expropriated by the state to be sold at public auction
Affected property that was owned by city councils and church
Whose power was limited
The two main desamortizaciones were carried out by the progressive governments of
Madoz
Mendizábal
Thanks to the first desamortización
The state therefore had the financial resources that it needed to be able to fight the Carlists
Alternation in power and military rebellions.
The reign of Isabel II went through different stages
The Década Moderada
The government’s position was very conservative
Based on the Constitution of 1845
The progressives were marginalised
Created Democratic Party
Defended universal suffrage
The Bienio Progresista
A group of moderate, progressive and democratic troops seized power in a rebellion known as the Vicalvarada
The building of railways was promoted
Attempts were made to liberalise politics, but within a context of social unrest
The moderates were afraid of a revolution
The queen handed them power.
Crisis of moderantism
Moderate Party
Alternated in power
Liberal Union
The opposition was excluded from parliament
The military, politicians and students were harshly repressed
Sexenio democrático: democratic liberalism
The Revolution of 1868
Based on the agreement made in Ostend
Juan Prim
General Serrano
Organised the Revolution of 1868
Isabel II went into exile in France and the Sexenio Democrático began
Politics was democratised
Spanish Parliament approved a new constitution
The democratic monarchy under Amadeo I
Parliament did not want a Bourbon monarch
They selected Amadeo of Savoy
As the new king
His short reign was marked by great instability and the death of Prim
Assassinated in a terrorist attack
Amadeo also did not have the support of the parliamentary parties
Was opposed by republicans, Carlists, the Church and the Partido Alfonsino
The First Republic
There were four presidents during this 11-month period
