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☢️Subjunctives⚠️ - Coggle Diagram
☢️Subjunctives⚠️
☢️Result Clause⚠️
How to recognise a result clause:
‘T word’ + ut + subjunctive
‘T words’ :
tam = so , tot = so many
talis = such , tantus = so great
adeo = so much
Examples of result clauses:
~ Modestus tam miser erat ut rem diutius ferre non posset
Modestus was so miserable that he could not bear the matter any longer
Negative result clause:
To show that a result clause is negative instead of it using ne it uses ut non
e.g. ~ tam fessa erat ut non cenaret
She was so tired that she did not have dinner
☢️Cum Clauses⚠️
How to recognise cum clauses:
cum + pluperfect subjunctive or
cum + imperfect subjunctive
Examples of cum clauses with a pluperfect subjunctive:
~ cum rex exiisset, Salvius milites ad se vocavit
when the king had gone out, Slavius summoned the soldiers to him
Examples of cum clauses with an imperfect subjunctive:
~ cum hospites cenam consumerent, fur cubiculum intravit
when the guards were eating the dinner,
☢Indirect Questions:warning:
How to recognise an indirect question: question word + subjunctive
Question words:
quis - who, cur - why, quo - to where, ubi - where/when, quo modo - how, quid - what
Examples of Indirect questions:
~pueri scire volebant num gladiatores hodie pugnarent
the boys wanted to know whether the gladiators where fighting today
☢Indirect Commands:warning:
How to spot an Indirect Command: introductory verb of ordering + UT/(ne) + Imperfect Subjunctive
Examples of introductory verbs of ordering: impero/imperare/imperavi+dat - to order, persuadeo-ere/persuasi+dat - to persuade, moneo/menere/monui - to warn, oro/orare/oravi - to beg, hortot/hortari/horatus sum (dep) - to encourage
Examples of Indirect Commands:
~centurio mihi imperavit ut tacerem
The centurion ordered me to be quiet
☢️Purpose clause⚠️
How to recognise Purpose Clauses:
ut (ne-negative) + present or imperfect subjunctive
Examples of Purpose clauses:
~ servum misi ut patrem peteret
literal meaning - I sent the slave (so) that he might look for my father
more natural meaning - I sent a slave in order to (or simply to) look for my father
or even - I sent a slave to look for my father