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Demography theory application - Coggle Diagram
Demography theory application
feminism
birth rate: liberal feminism: women are now able to work and be financially independent from men meaning there are less children being born, women's priorities have changed and are not focused on families
ageing population: sandwich generation: the middle generation is supporting their own children but they are also supporting their elderly parents too. The role that does this is often the expressive role.
migration: Hochschild: women are often used as domestic workers with low pay, sex workers or human trafficking. The migration system is unequal in terms of job prospect.
Marxism
Phillipson: (1982) argues that the old are of no use to capitalism because they are no longer productive
ageing population: dependency ratio- more people dependant on the working population, making the dependency ratio worse, and making society less productive and beneficial for capitalism.
functionalism
functionalists consider population growth and its various components (birth death and migration) as a normal and essential process for any society.
would also suggest that the nuclear family needs to remain the dominant family type to perform the necessary functions within society.
parsons: nuclear family provides both primary socialisation of children and stabilisation of adult personalities
Murdock: family has 4 functions that only the nuclear family can perform: sexual, reproductive, education, socialisation
postmodernism
globalisation: countries are now more interconnected through trade, technology and travel. This also includes the movemenmt of people across borders.
ageing population/ death rate
tranter: less diseases mean there are fewer deaths, diseases are now being eliminated with the advancements in technology.
Mckeown: society has greater knowledge on nutrition and healthy lifestyles such as smoking, diet, alcohol etc
migration: vertovec: "super diversity"- suggests that today migrants come from a wider range of countries compared to the 1990s, creating a multicultural and diverse society.
new right
dependency culture: opposed to single parent families because they are more likely to be on benefits and be a part of a dependency culture where children who grow up on welfare rely on it their whole lives.
Murray: this leads to perverse incentives where people have no intention to work because they are being rewarded for not going to work through welfare.